Dataset statistics
| Number of variables | 86 |
|---|---|
| Number of observations | 1000 |
| Missing cells | 11258 |
| Missing cells (%) | 13.1% |
| Duplicate rows | 0 |
| Duplicate rows (%) | 0.0% |
| Total size in memory | 672.0 KiB |
| Average record size in memory | 688.1 B |
Variable types
| CAT | 74 |
|---|---|
| NUM | 7 |
| BOOL | 5 |
Reproduction
| Analysis started | 2020-06-17 11:16:48.468204 |
|---|---|
| Analysis finished | 2020-06-17 11:18:28.358516 |
| Duration | 1 minute and 39.89 seconds |
| Version | pandas-profiling v2.8.0 |
| Command line | pandas_profiling --config_file config.yaml [YOUR_FILE.csv] |
| Download configuration | config.yaml |
Country has a high cardinality: 87 distinct values | High cardinality |
EduOther has a high cardinality: 190 distinct values | High cardinality |
DevType has a high cardinality: 454 distinct values | High cardinality |
LastInt has a high cardinality: 56 distinct values | High cardinality |
JobFactors has a high cardinality: 117 distinct values | High cardinality |
CurrencySymbol has a high cardinality: 61 distinct values | High cardinality |
CurrencyDesc has a high cardinality: 61 distinct values | High cardinality |
WorkChallenge has a high cardinality: 125 distinct values | High cardinality |
LanguageWorkedWith has a high cardinality: 694 distinct values | High cardinality |
LanguageDesireNextYear has a high cardinality: 740 distinct values | High cardinality |
DatabaseWorkedWith has a high cardinality: 318 distinct values | High cardinality |
DatabaseDesireNextYear has a high cardinality: 318 distinct values | High cardinality |
PlatformWorkedWith has a high cardinality: 447 distinct values | High cardinality |
PlatformDesireNextYear has a high cardinality: 486 distinct values | High cardinality |
WebFrameWorkedWith has a high cardinality: 237 distinct values | High cardinality |
WebFrameDesireNextYear has a high cardinality: 235 distinct values | High cardinality |
MiscTechWorkedWith has a high cardinality: 181 distinct values | High cardinality |
MiscTechDesireNextYear has a high cardinality: 299 distinct values | High cardinality |
DevEnviron has a high cardinality: 447 distinct values | High cardinality |
Respondent is highly correlated with df_index | High correlation |
df_index is highly correlated with Respondent | High correlation |
CurrencySymbol is highly correlated with Country and 1 other fields | High correlation |
Country is highly correlated with CurrencySymbol and 1 other fields | High correlation |
CurrencyDesc is highly correlated with Country and 1 other fields | High correlation |
MainBranch has 10 (1.0%) missing values | Missing |
OpenSource has 25 (2.5%) missing values | Missing |
Employment has 22 (2.2%) missing values | Missing |
Student has 21 (2.1%) missing values | Missing |
EdLevel has 39 (3.9%) missing values | Missing |
UndergradMajor has 155 (15.5%) missing values | Missing |
EduOther has 54 (5.4%) missing values | Missing |
OrgSize has 178 (17.8%) missing values | Missing |
DevType has 89 (8.9%) missing values | Missing |
YearsCode has 11 (1.1%) missing values | Missing |
Age1stCode has 13 (1.3%) missing values | Missing |
YearsCodePro has 156 (15.6%) missing values | Missing |
CareerSat has 169 (16.9%) missing values | Missing |
JobSat has 187 (18.7%) missing values | Missing |
MgrIdiot has 293 (29.3%) missing values | Missing |
MgrMoney has 292 (29.2%) missing values | Missing |
MgrWant has 292 (29.2%) missing values | Missing |
JobSeek has 94 (9.4%) missing values | Missing |
LastHireDate has 100 (10.0%) missing values | Missing |
LastInt has 233 (23.3%) missing values | Missing |
FizzBuzz has 180 (18.0%) missing values | Missing |
JobFactors has 103 (10.3%) missing values | Missing |
ResumeUpdate has 120 (12.0%) missing values | Missing |
CurrencySymbol has 181 (18.1%) missing values | Missing |
CurrencyDesc has 181 (18.1%) missing values | Missing |
CompTotal has 360 (36.0%) missing values | Missing |
CompFreq has 276 (27.6%) missing values | Missing |
ConvertedComp has 362 (36.2%) missing values | Missing |
WorkWeekHrs has 258 (25.8%) missing values | Missing |
WorkPlan has 205 (20.5%) missing values | Missing |
WorkChallenge has 211 (21.1%) missing values | Missing |
WorkRemote has 198 (19.8%) missing values | Missing |
WorkLoc has 189 (18.9%) missing values | Missing |
ImpSyn has 178 (17.8%) missing values | Missing |
CodeRev has 189 (18.9%) missing values | Missing |
CodeRevHrs has 443 (44.3%) missing values | Missing |
UnitTests has 277 (27.7%) missing values | Missing |
PurchaseHow has 297 (29.7%) missing values | Missing |
PurchaseWhat has 283 (28.3%) missing values | Missing |
LanguageWorkedWith has 15 (1.5%) missing values | Missing |
LanguageDesireNextYear has 49 (4.9%) missing values | Missing |
DatabaseWorkedWith has 147 (14.7%) missing values | Missing |
DatabaseDesireNextYear has 222 (22.2%) missing values | Missing |
PlatformWorkedWith has 94 (9.4%) missing values | Missing |
PlatformDesireNextYear has 136 (13.6%) missing values | Missing |
WebFrameWorkedWith has 290 (29.0%) missing values | Missing |
WebFrameDesireNextYear has 304 (30.4%) missing values | Missing |
MiscTechWorkedWith has 331 (33.1%) missing values | Missing |
MiscTechDesireNextYear has 273 (27.3%) missing values | Missing |
DevEnviron has 17 (1.7%) missing values | Missing |
OpSys has 13 (1.3%) missing values | Missing |
Containers has 41 (4.1%) missing values | Missing |
BlockchainOrg has 448 (44.8%) missing values | Missing |
BlockchainIs has 323 (32.3%) missing values | Missing |
BetterLife has 39 (3.9%) missing values | Missing |
ITperson has 18 (1.8%) missing values | Missing |
OffOn has 23 (2.3%) missing values | Missing |
SocialMedia has 48 (4.8%) missing values | Missing |
Extraversion has 13 (1.3%) missing values | Missing |
ScreenName has 94 (9.4%) missing values | Missing |
SOVisit1st has 51 (5.1%) missing values | Missing |
SOTimeSaved has 28 (2.8%) missing values | Missing |
SOHowMuchTime has 241 (24.1%) missing values | Missing |
SOPartFreq has 169 (16.9%) missing values | Missing |
WelcomeChange has 44 (4.4%) missing values | Missing |
SONewContent has 215 (21.5%) missing values | Missing |
Age has 104 (10.4%) missing values | Missing |
Gender has 41 (4.1%) missing values | Missing |
Trans has 65 (6.5%) missing values | Missing |
Sexuality has 141 (14.1%) missing values | Missing |
Ethnicity has 140 (14.0%) missing values | Missing |
Dependents has 74 (7.4%) missing values | Missing |
SurveyLength has 22 (2.2%) missing values | Missing |
SurveyEase has 17 (1.7%) missing values | Missing |
CompTotal is highly skewed (γ1 = 24.38035424) | Skewed |
df_index has unique values | Unique |
Respondent has unique values | Unique |
| Distinct count | 1000 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 100.0% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 43530.786 |
|---|---|
| Minimum | 53 |
| Maximum | 88858 |
| Zeros | 0 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 53 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 5533.75 |
| Q1 | 21327.5 |
| median | 43049 |
| Q3 | 64984.5 |
| 95-th percentile | 84405.65 |
| Maximum | 88858 |
| Range | 88805 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 43657 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 25550.32674 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.5869484354 |
| Kurtosis | -1.18716912 |
| Mean | 43530.786 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 21884 |
| Skewness | 0.05519941272 |
| Sum | 43530786 |
| Variance | 652819196.3 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 51196 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 55956 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 10930 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 58032 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 57244 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 87159 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 10922 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 23204 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 74402 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 49823 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| Other values (990) | 990 | 99.0% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 53 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 194 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 266 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 316 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 343 | 1 | 0.1% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 88858 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 88799 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 88766 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 88729 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 88717 | 1 | 0.1% |
| Distinct count | 1000 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 100.0% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 43354.677 |
|---|---|
| Minimum | 54 |
| Maximum | 88758 |
| Zeros | 0 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 54 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 5557.7 |
| Q1 | 21004.5 |
| median | 43167.5 |
| Q3 | 64827 |
| 95-th percentile | 83988.7 |
| Maximum | 88758 |
| Range | 88704 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 43822.5 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 25468.35436 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.5874419123 |
| Kurtosis | -1.193436744 |
| Mean | 43354.677 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 21946.5 |
| Skewness | 0.05222125485 |
| Sum | 43354677 |
| Variance | 648637073.9 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 12287 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 7048 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 49867 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 35530 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 51913 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 28750 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 19141 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 8899 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 19138 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 41663 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| Other values (990) | 990 | 99.0% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 54 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 196 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 268 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 318 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 345 | 1 | 0.1% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 88758 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 88680 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 88572 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 88344 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 88253 | 1 | 0.1% |
| Distinct count | 5 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.5% |
| Missing | 10 |
| Missing (%) | 1.0% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| I am a developer by profession | |
|---|---|
| I am a student who is learning to code | 99 |
| I am not primarily a developer, but I write code sometimes as part of my work | 94 |
| I code primarily as a hobby | 44 |
| I used to be a developer by profession, but no longer am | 12 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| I am a developer by profession | 741 | 74.1% | |
| I am a student who is learning to code | 99 | 9.9% | |
| I am not primarily a developer, but I write code sometimes as part of my work | 94 | 9.4% | |
| I code primarily as a hobby | 44 | 4.4% | |
| I used to be a developer by profession, but no longer am | 12 | 1.2% | |
| (Missing) | 10 | 1.0% |
Length
| Max length | 77 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 30 |
| Mean length | 35.12 |
| Min length | 3 |
Hobbyist
Boolean
| Distinct count | 2 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.2% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Yes | |
|---|---|
| No |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Yes | 809 | 80.9% | |
| No | 191 | 19.1% |
OpenSourcer
Categorical
| Distinct count | 4 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.4% |
| Missing | 0 |
| Missing (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Never | |
|---|---|
| Less than once per year | |
| Less than once a month but more than once per year | |
| Once a month or more often |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Never | 345 | 34.5% | |
| Less than once per year | 282 | 28.2% | |
| Less than once a month but more than once per year | 233 | 23.3% | |
| Once a month or more often | 140 | 14.0% |
Length
| Max length | 50 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 23 |
| Mean length | 23.501 |
| Min length | 5 |
| Distinct count | 3 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.3% |
| Missing | 25 |
| Missing (%) | 2.5% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| The quality of OSS and closed source software is about the same | |
|---|---|
| OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than proprietary / closed source software | |
| OSS is, on average, of LOWER quality than proprietary / closed source software | 88 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| The quality of OSS and closed source software is about the same | 473 | 47.3% | |
| OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than proprietary / closed source software | 414 | 41.4% | |
| OSS is, on average, of LOWER quality than proprietary / closed source software | 88 | 8.8% | |
| (Missing) | 25 | 2.5% |
Length
| Max length | 79 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 78 |
| Mean length | 69.444 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 6 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.6% |
| Missing | 22 |
| Missing (%) | 2.2% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Employed full-time | |
|---|---|
| Independent contractor, freelancer, or self-employed | 97 |
| Not employed, but looking for work | 53 |
| Not employed, and not looking for work | 46 |
| Employed part-time | 32 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Employed full-time | 749 | 74.9% | |
| Independent contractor, freelancer, or self-employed | 97 | 9.7% | |
| Not employed, but looking for work | 53 | 5.3% | |
| Not employed, and not looking for work | 46 | 4.6% | |
| Employed part-time | 32 | 3.2% | |
| Retired | 1 | 0.1% | |
| (Missing) | 22 | 2.2% |
Length
| Max length | 52 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 18 |
| Mean length | 22.725 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 87 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 8.7% |
| Missing | 3 |
| Missing (%) | 0.3% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| United States | |
|---|---|
| India | |
| United Kingdom | 91 |
| Germany | 63 |
| Russian Federation | 27 |
| Other values (82) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| United States | 239 | 23.9% | |
| India | 99 | 9.9% | |
| United Kingdom | 91 | 9.1% | |
| Germany | 63 | 6.3% | |
| Russian Federation | 27 | 2.7% | |
| Netherlands | 26 | 2.6% | |
| Canada | 25 | 2.5% | |
| Australia | 23 | 2.3% | |
| France | 21 | 2.1% | |
| Italy | 20 | 2.0% | |
| Other values (77) | 363 | 36.3% |
Length
| Max length | 41 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 8 |
| Mean length | 9.493 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 3 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.3% |
| Missing | 21 |
| Missing (%) | 2.1% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| No | |
|---|---|
| Yes, full-time | |
| Yes, part-time | 53 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| No | 767 | 76.7% | |
| Yes, full-time | 159 | 15.9% | |
| Yes, part-time | 53 | 5.3% | |
| (Missing) | 21 | 2.1% |
Length
| Max length | 14 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 2 |
| Mean length | 4.565 |
| Min length | 2 |
| Distinct count | 9 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.9% |
| Missing | 39 |
| Missing (%) | 3.9% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.) | |
|---|---|
| Master’s degree (MA, MS, M.Eng., MBA, etc.) | |
| Secondary school (e.g. American high school, German Realschule or Gymnasium, etc.) | |
| Some college/university study without earning a degree | 92 |
| Associate degree | 26 |
| Other values (4) | 55 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.) | 461 | 46.1% | |
| Master’s degree (MA, MS, M.Eng., MBA, etc.) | 231 | 23.1% | |
| Secondary school (e.g. American high school, German Realschule or Gymnasium, etc.) | 96 | 9.6% | |
| Some college/university study without earning a degree | 92 | 9.2% | |
| Associate degree | 26 | 2.6% | |
| Other doctoral degree (Ph.D, Ed.D., etc.) | 22 | 2.2% | |
| Primary/elementary school | 19 | 1.9% | |
| Professional degree (JD, MD, etc.) | 9 | 0.9% | |
| I never completed any formal education | 5 | 0.5% | |
| (Missing) | 39 | 3.9% |
Length
| Max length | 82 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 40 |
| Mean length | 43.619 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 12 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 1.4% |
| Missing | 155 |
| Missing (%) | 15.5% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Computer science, computer engineering, or software engineering | |
|---|---|
| Another engineering discipline (ex. civil, electrical, mechanical) | 74 |
| Information systems, information technology, or system administration | 55 |
| Web development or web design | 36 |
| A natural science (ex. biology, chemistry, physics) | 33 |
| Other values (7) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Computer science, computer engineering, or software engineering | 538 | 53.8% | |
| Another engineering discipline (ex. civil, electrical, mechanical) | 74 | 7.4% | |
| Information systems, information technology, or system administration | 55 | 5.5% | |
| Web development or web design | 36 | 3.6% | |
| A natural science (ex. biology, chemistry, physics) | 33 | 3.3% | |
| Mathematics or statistics | 31 | 3.1% | |
| A business discipline (ex. accounting, finance, marketing) | 25 | 2.5% | |
| Fine arts or performing arts (ex. graphic design, music, studio art) | 16 | 1.6% | |
| A humanities discipline (ex. literature, history, philosophy) | 12 | 1.2% | |
| I never declared a major | 11 | 1.1% | |
| Other values (2) | 14 | 1.4% | |
| (Missing) | 155 | 15.5% |
Length
| Max length | 69 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 63 |
| Mean length | 50.938 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 190 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 20.1% |
| Missing | 54 |
| Missing (%) | 5.4% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Taken an online course in programming or software development (e.g. a MOOC);Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course | 79 |
|---|---|
| Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course | 72 |
| Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course;Contributed to open source software | 44 |
| Taken an online course in programming or software development (e.g. a MOOC);Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course;Contributed to open source software | 42 |
| Taken an online course in programming or software development (e.g. a MOOC);Received on-the-job training in software development;Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course | 32 |
| Other values (185) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Taken an online course in programming or software development (e.g. a MOOC);Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course | 79 | 7.9% | |
| Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course | 72 | 7.2% | |
| Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course;Contributed to open source software | 44 | 4.4% | |
| Taken an online course in programming or software development (e.g. a MOOC);Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course;Contributed to open source software | 42 | 4.2% | |
| Taken an online course in programming or software development (e.g. a MOOC);Received on-the-job training in software development;Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course | 32 | 3.2% | |
| Received on-the-job training in software development;Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course | 29 | 2.9% | |
| Taken an online course in programming or software development (e.g. a MOOC);Taken a part-time in-person course in programming or software development;Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course | 20 | 2.0% | |
| Taken an online course in programming or software development (e.g. a MOOC);Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course;Participated in a hackathon | 19 | 1.9% | |
| Taken an online course in programming or software development (e.g. a MOOC);Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course;Participated in online coding competitions (e.g. HackerRank, CodeChef, TopCoder) | 19 | 1.9% | |
| Received on-the-job training in software development;Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course;Contributed to open source software | 17 | 1.7% | |
| Other values (180) | 573 | 57.3% | |
| (Missing) | 54 | 5.4% |
Length
| Max length | 552 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 193 |
| Mean length | 201.771 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 9 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 1.1% |
| Missing | 178 |
| Missing (%) | 17.8% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| 20 to 99 employees | |
|---|---|
| 100 to 499 employees | |
| 10,000 or more employees | |
| 1,000 to 4,999 employees | |
| 10 to 19 employees | |
| Other values (4) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 20 to 99 employees | 175 | 17.5% | |
| 100 to 499 employees | 143 | 14.3% | |
| 10,000 or more employees | 140 | 14.0% | |
| 1,000 to 4,999 employees | 79 | 7.9% | |
| 10 to 19 employees | 79 | 7.9% | |
| 2-9 employees | 72 | 7.2% | |
| 500 to 999 employees | 55 | 5.5% | |
| Just me - I am a freelancer, sole proprietor, etc. | 44 | 4.4% | |
| 5,000 to 9,999 employees | 35 | 3.5% | |
| (Missing) | 178 | 17.8% |
Length
| Max length | 50 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 18 |
| Mean length | 18.298 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 454 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 49.8% |
| Missing | 89 |
| Missing (%) | 8.9% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Developer, full-stack | 99 |
|---|---|
| Developer, back-end | 55 |
| Developer, front-end | 34 |
| Developer, mobile | 32 |
| Developer, back-end;Developer, full-stack | 26 |
| Other values (449) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Developer, full-stack | 99 | 9.9% | |
| Developer, back-end | 55 | 5.5% | |
| Developer, front-end | 34 | 3.4% | |
| Developer, mobile | 32 | 3.2% | |
| Developer, back-end;Developer, full-stack | 26 | 2.6% | |
| Developer, back-end;Developer, front-end;Developer, full-stack | 20 | 2.0% | |
| Developer, embedded applications or devices | 10 | 1.0% | |
| Developer, back-end;Developer, desktop or enterprise applications;Developer, front-end;Developer, full-stack | 10 | 1.0% | |
| Student | 9 | 0.9% | |
| Developer, back-end;Developer, front-end;Developer, full-stack;Developer, mobile | 9 | 0.9% | |
| Other values (444) | 607 | 60.7% | |
| (Missing) | 89 | 8.9% |
Length
| Max length | 539 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 45 |
| Mean length | 63.842 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 48 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 4.9% |
| Missing | 11 |
| Missing (%) | 1.1% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| 5 | 86 |
|---|---|
| 6 | 80 |
| 10 | 79 |
| 8 | 59 |
| 3 | 57 |
| Other values (43) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 5 | 86 | 8.6% | |
| 6 | 80 | 8.0% | |
| 10 | 79 | 7.9% | |
| 8 | 59 | 5.9% | |
| 3 | 57 | 5.7% | |
| 7 | 55 | 5.5% | |
| 20 | 46 | 4.6% | |
| 12 | 43 | 4.3% | |
| 15 | 43 | 4.3% | |
| 9 | 42 | 4.2% | |
| Other values (38) | 399 | 39.9% |
Length
| Max length | 18 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 2 |
| Mean length | 1.683 |
| Min length | 1 |
| Distinct count | 36 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 3.6% |
| Missing | 13 |
| Missing (%) | 1.3% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| 14 | |
|---|---|
| 15 | 98 |
| 12 | 91 |
| 16 | 89 |
| 13 | 88 |
| Other values (31) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 14 | 121 | 12.1% | |
| 15 | 98 | 9.8% | |
| 12 | 91 | 9.1% | |
| 16 | 89 | 8.9% | |
| 13 | 88 | 8.8% | |
| 18 | 76 | 7.6% | |
| 10 | 60 | 6.0% | |
| 19 | 54 | 5.4% | |
| 17 | 54 | 5.4% | |
| 11 | 52 | 5.2% | |
| Other values (26) | 204 | 20.4% |
Length
| Max length | 20 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 2 |
| Mean length | 2.076 |
| Min length | 1 |
| Distinct count | 39 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 4.6% |
| Missing | 156 |
| Missing (%) | 15.6% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| 2 | 93 |
|---|---|
| 4 | 79 |
| 3 | 73 |
| 5 | 67 |
| 1 | 54 |
| Other values (34) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 2 | 93 | 9.3% | |
| 4 | 79 | 7.9% | |
| 3 | 73 | 7.3% | |
| 5 | 67 | 6.7% | |
| 1 | 54 | 5.4% | |
| Less than 1 year | 51 | 5.1% | |
| 6 | 50 | 5.0% | |
| 8 | 45 | 4.5% | |
| 10 | 45 | 4.5% | |
| 7 | 42 | 4.2% | |
| Other values (29) | 245 | 24.5% | |
| (Missing) | 156 | 15.6% |
Length
| Max length | 16 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 1 |
| Mean length | 2.349 |
| Min length | 1 |
| Distinct count | 5 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.6% |
| Missing | 169 |
| Missing (%) | 16.9% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Very satisfied | |
|---|---|
| Slightly satisfied | |
| Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | |
| Slightly dissatisfied | |
| Very dissatisfied | 47 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Very satisfied | 332 | 33.2% | |
| Slightly satisfied | 298 | 29.8% | |
| Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | 82 | 8.2% | |
| Slightly dissatisfied | 72 | 7.2% | |
| Very dissatisfied | 47 | 4.7% | |
| (Missing) | 169 | 16.9% |
Length
| Max length | 34 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 14 |
| Mean length | 15.618 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 5 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.6% |
| Missing | 187 |
| Missing (%) | 18.7% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Slightly satisfied | |
|---|---|
| Very satisfied | |
| Slightly dissatisfied | |
| Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | |
| Very dissatisfied | 55 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Slightly satisfied | 285 | 28.5% | |
| Very satisfied | 248 | 24.8% | |
| Slightly dissatisfied | 131 | 13.1% | |
| Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | 94 | 9.4% | |
| Very dissatisfied | 55 | 5.5% | |
| (Missing) | 187 | 18.7% |
Length
| Max length | 34 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 18 |
| Mean length | 16.045 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 4 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.6% |
| Missing | 293 |
| Missing (%) | 29.3% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Somewhat confident | |
|---|---|
| Very confident | |
| Not at all confident | |
| I don't have a manager | 29 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Somewhat confident | 290 | 29.0% | |
| Very confident | 279 | 27.9% | |
| Not at all confident | 109 | 10.9% | |
| I don't have a manager | 29 | 2.9% | |
| (Missing) | 293 | 29.3% |
Length
| Max length | 22 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 14 |
| Mean length | 12.823 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 3 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.4% |
| Missing | 292 |
| Missing (%) | 29.2% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| No | |
|---|---|
| Yes | |
| Not sure |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| No | 373 | 37.3% | |
| Yes | 189 | 18.9% | |
| Not sure | 146 | 14.6% | |
| (Missing) | 292 | 29.2% |
Length
| Max length | 8 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 3 |
| Mean length | 3.357 |
| Min length | 2 |
| Distinct count | 4 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.6% |
| Missing | 292 |
| Missing (%) | 29.2% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Not sure | |
|---|---|
| No | |
| Yes | |
| I am already a manager | 23 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Not sure | 278 | 27.8% | |
| No | 247 | 24.7% | |
| Yes | 160 | 16.0% | |
| I am already a manager | 23 | 2.3% | |
| (Missing) | 292 | 29.2% |
Length
| Max length | 22 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 3 |
| Mean length | 4.58 |
| Min length | 2 |
| Distinct count | 3 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.3% |
| Missing | 94 |
| Missing (%) | 9.4% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| I’m not actively looking, but I am open to new opportunities | |
|---|---|
| I am not interested in new job opportunities | |
| I am actively looking for a job |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| I’m not actively looking, but I am open to new opportunities | 559 | 55.9% | |
| I am not interested in new job opportunities | 233 | 23.3% | |
| I am actively looking for a job | 114 | 11.4% | |
| (Missing) | 94 | 9.4% |
Length
| Max length | 60 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 60 |
| Mean length | 47.608 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 6 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.7% |
| Missing | 100 |
| Missing (%) | 10.0% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Less than a year ago | |
|---|---|
| 1-2 years ago | |
| More than 4 years ago | |
| 3-4 years ago | |
| I've never had a job | 39 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Less than a year ago | 302 | 30.2% | |
| 1-2 years ago | 224 | 22.4% | |
| More than 4 years ago | 173 | 17.3% | |
| 3-4 years ago | 134 | 13.4% | |
| I've never had a job | 39 | 3.9% | |
| NA - I am an independent contractor or self employed | 28 | 2.8% | |
| (Missing) | 100 | 10.0% |
Length
| Max length | 52 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 20 |
| Mean length | 16.863 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 56 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 7.3% |
| Missing | 233 |
| Missing (%) | 23.3% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Interview with people in peer roles;Interview with people in senior / management roles | |
|---|---|
| Interview with people in senior / management roles | |
| Write any code;Complete a take-home project;Interview with people in peer roles;Interview with people in senior / management roles | 32 |
| Write code by hand (e.g., on a whiteboard);Interview with people in peer roles;Interview with people in senior / management roles | 30 |
| Write any code;Write code by hand (e.g., on a whiteboard);Interview with people in peer roles;Interview with people in senior / management roles | 29 |
| Other values (51) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Interview with people in peer roles;Interview with people in senior / management roles | 163 | 16.3% | |
| Interview with people in senior / management roles | 101 | 10.1% | |
| Write any code;Complete a take-home project;Interview with people in peer roles;Interview with people in senior / management roles | 32 | 3.2% | |
| Write code by hand (e.g., on a whiteboard);Interview with people in peer roles;Interview with people in senior / management roles | 30 | 3.0% | |
| Write any code;Write code by hand (e.g., on a whiteboard);Interview with people in peer roles;Interview with people in senior / management roles | 29 | 2.9% | |
| Write any code;Interview with people in peer roles;Interview with people in senior / management roles | 28 | 2.8% | |
| Complete a take-home project;Interview with people in peer roles;Interview with people in senior / management roles | 26 | 2.6% | |
| Complete a take-home project;Interview with people in senior / management roles | 22 | 2.2% | |
| Write any code;Write code by hand (e.g., on a whiteboard);Complete a take-home project;Interview with people in peer roles;Interview with people in senior / management roles | 22 | 2.2% | |
| Write any code;Write code by hand (e.g., on a whiteboard);Complete a take-home project;Solve a brain-teaser style puzzle;Interview with people in peer roles;Interview with people in senior / management roles | 21 | 2.1% | |
| Other values (46) | 293 | 29.3% | |
| (Missing) | 233 | 23.3% |
Length
| Max length | 207 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 84 |
| Mean length | 74.076 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 2 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.2% |
| Missing | 180 |
| Missing (%) | 18.0% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| No | |
|---|---|
| Yes | 122 |
| (Missing) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| No | 698 | 69.8% | |
| Yes | 122 | 12.2% | |
| (Missing) | 180 | 18.0% |
| Distinct count | 117 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 13.0% |
| Missing | 103 |
| Missing (%) | 10.3% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Languages, frameworks, and other technologies I'd be working with;Office environment or company culture;Opportunities for professional development | 70 |
|---|---|
| Languages, frameworks, and other technologies I'd be working with;Office environment or company culture;Flex time or a flexible schedule | 68 |
| Languages, frameworks, and other technologies I'd be working with;Remote work options;Flex time or a flexible schedule | 46 |
| Languages, frameworks, and other technologies I'd be working with;Opportunities for professional development;Flex time or a flexible schedule | 39 |
| Office environment or company culture;Opportunities for professional development;Flex time or a flexible schedule | 32 |
| Other values (112) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Languages, frameworks, and other technologies I'd be working with;Office environment or company culture;Opportunities for professional development | 70 | 7.0% | |
| Languages, frameworks, and other technologies I'd be working with;Office environment or company culture;Flex time or a flexible schedule | 68 | 6.8% | |
| Languages, frameworks, and other technologies I'd be working with;Remote work options;Flex time or a flexible schedule | 46 | 4.6% | |
| Languages, frameworks, and other technologies I'd be working with;Opportunities for professional development;Flex time or a flexible schedule | 39 | 3.9% | |
| Office environment or company culture;Opportunities for professional development;Flex time or a flexible schedule | 32 | 3.2% | |
| Languages, frameworks, and other technologies I'd be working with;Remote work options;Opportunities for professional development | 30 | 3.0% | |
| Office environment or company culture;Remote work options;Flex time or a flexible schedule | 29 | 2.9% | |
| Languages, frameworks, and other technologies I'd be working with;Opportunities for professional development;How widely used or impactful my work output would be | 24 | 2.4% | |
| Remote work options;Opportunities for professional development;Flex time or a flexible schedule | 24 | 2.4% | |
| Office environment or company culture;Opportunities for professional development;How widely used or impactful my work output would be | 24 | 2.4% | |
| Other values (107) | 511 | 51.1% | |
| (Missing) | 103 | 10.3% |
Length
| Max length | 189 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 130 |
| Mean length | 117.625 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 6 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.7% |
| Missing | 120 |
| Missing (%) | 12.0% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| I was preparing for a job search | |
|---|---|
| My job status changed (promotion, new job, etc.) | |
| Something else changed (education, award, media, etc.) | |
| I heard about a job opportunity (from a recruiter, online job posting, etc.) | |
| I had a negative experience or interaction at work |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| I was preparing for a job search | 384 | 38.4% | |
| My job status changed (promotion, new job, etc.) | 157 | 15.7% | |
| Something else changed (education, award, media, etc.) | 124 | 12.4% | |
| I heard about a job opportunity (from a recruiter, online job posting, etc.) | 119 | 11.9% | |
| I had a negative experience or interaction at work | 84 | 8.4% | |
| Re-entry into the workforce | 12 | 1.2% | |
| (Missing) | 120 | 12.0% |
Length
| Max length | 76 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 32 |
| Mean length | 40.448 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 61 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 7.4% |
| Missing | 181 |
| Missing (%) | 18.1% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| USD | |
|---|---|
| EUR | |
| GBP | |
| INR | |
| RUB | 21 |
| Other values (56) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| USD | 234 | 23.4% | |
| EUR | 165 | 16.5% | |
| GBP | 78 | 7.8% | |
| INR | 76 | 7.6% | |
| RUB | 21 | 2.1% | |
| CAD | 19 | 1.9% | |
| AUD | 18 | 1.8% | |
| PLN | 13 | 1.3% | |
| BRL | 13 | 1.3% | |
| DKK | 12 | 1.2% | |
| Other values (51) | 170 | 17.0% | |
| (Missing) | 181 | 18.1% |
Length
| Max length | 3 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 3 |
| Mean length | 3 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 61 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 7.4% |
| Missing | 181 |
| Missing (%) | 18.1% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| United States dollar | |
|---|---|
| European Euro | |
| Pound sterling | |
| Indian rupee | |
| Russian ruble | 21 |
| Other values (56) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| United States dollar | 234 | 23.4% | |
| European Euro | 165 | 16.5% | |
| Pound sterling | 78 | 7.8% | |
| Indian rupee | 76 | 7.6% | |
| Russian ruble | 21 | 2.1% | |
| Canadian dollar | 19 | 1.9% | |
| Australian dollar | 18 | 1.8% | |
| Brazilian real | 13 | 1.3% | |
| Polish zloty | 13 | 1.3% | |
| Danish krone | 12 | 1.2% | |
| Other values (51) | 170 | 17.0% | |
| (Missing) | 181 | 18.1% |
Length
| Max length | 39 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 13 |
| Mean length | 13.235 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 305 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 47.7% |
| Missing | 360 |
| Missing (%) | 36.0% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 1978889.365625 |
|---|---|
| Minimum | 0.0 |
| Maximum | 838695000.0 |
| Zeros | 2 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.2% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 0 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 1500 |
| Q1 | 25000 |
| median | 65000 |
| Q3 | 125000 |
| 95-th percentile | 871000 |
| Maximum | 838695000 |
| Range | 838695000 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 100000 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 33561389.76 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 16.95971 |
| Kurtosis | 607.4056692 |
| Mean | 1978889.366 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 50000 |
| Skewness | 24.38035424 |
| Sum | 1266489194 |
| Variance | 1.126366882e+15 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 60000 | 18 | 1.8% | |
| 50000 | 14 | 1.4% | |
| 70000 | 14 | 1.4% | |
| 120000 | 12 | 1.2% | |
| 40000 | 12 | 1.2% | |
| 80000 | 11 | 1.1% | |
| 100000 | 11 | 1.1% | |
| 110000 | 10 | 1.0% | |
| 30000 | 9 | 0.9% | |
| 115000 | 9 | 0.9% | |
| Other values (295) | 520 | 52.0% | |
| (Missing) | 360 | 36.0% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 0 | 2 | 0.2% | |
| 10 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 63 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 120 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 125 | 1 | 0.1% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 838695000 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 100000000 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 62000000 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 50000000 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 28000000 | 1 | 0.1% |
| Distinct count | 3 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.4% |
| Missing | 276 |
| Missing (%) | 27.6% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Yearly | |
|---|---|
| Monthly | |
| Weekly | 26 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Yearly | 382 | 38.2% | |
| Monthly | 316 | 31.6% | |
| Weekly | 26 | 2.6% | |
| (Missing) | 276 | 27.6% |
Length
| Max length | 7 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 6 |
| Mean length | 5.488 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 478 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 74.9% |
| Missing | 362 |
| Missing (%) | 36.2% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 118777.45611285267 |
|---|---|
| Minimum | 0.0 |
| Maximum | 2000000.0 |
| Zeros | 2 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.2% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 0 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 6450.6 |
| Q1 | 27492 |
| median | 59669.5 |
| Q3 | 104678 |
| 95-th percentile | 421645.05 |
| Maximum | 2000000 |
| Range | 2000000 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 77186 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 250937.5561 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 2.112669898 |
| Kurtosis | 32.40116037 |
| Mean | 118777.4561 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 36372 |
| Skewness | 5.331585267 |
| Sum | 75780017 |
| Variance | 6.296965706e+10 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 110000 | 8 | 0.8% | |
| 1000000 | 8 | 0.8% | |
| 120000 | 7 | 0.7% | |
| 2000000 | 6 | 0.6% | |
| 130000 | 6 | 0.6% | |
| 115000 | 6 | 0.6% | |
| 100000 | 6 | 0.6% | |
| 68745 | 6 | 0.6% | |
| 57287 | 5 | 0.5% | |
| 52339 | 5 | 0.5% | |
| Other values (468) | 575 | 57.5% | |
| (Missing) | 362 | 36.2% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 0 | 2 | 0.2% | |
| 36 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 63 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 120 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 175 | 1 | 0.1% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 2000000 | 6 | 0.6% | |
| 1524000 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 1320000 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 1000000 | 8 | 0.8% | |
| 994392 | 1 | 0.1% |
| Distinct count | 55 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 7.4% |
| Missing | 258 |
| Missing (%) | 25.8% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 42.62230458221024 |
|---|---|
| Minimum | 5.0 |
| Maximum | 475.0 |
| Zeros | 0 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 5 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 30 |
| Q1 | 40 |
| median | 40 |
| Q3 | 45 |
| 95-th percentile | 54 |
| Maximum | 475 |
| Range | 470 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 5 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 26.86307469 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.6302586159 |
| Kurtosis | 176.7956703 |
| Mean | 42.62230458 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 2 |
| Skewness | 12.22761566 |
| Sum | 31625.75 |
| Variance | 721.6247819 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 40 | 329 | 32.9% | |
| 45 | 84 | 8.4% | |
| 50 | 60 | 6.0% | |
| 35 | 29 | 2.9% | |
| 37.5 | 29 | 2.9% | |
| 42 | 29 | 2.9% | |
| 30 | 22 | 2.2% | |
| 38 | 19 | 1.9% | |
| 60 | 10 | 1.0% | |
| 44 | 10 | 1.0% | |
| Other values (45) | 121 | 12.1% | |
| (Missing) | 258 | 25.8% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 5 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 6 | 2 | 0.2% | |
| 7 | 2 | 0.2% | |
| 8 | 9 | 0.9% | |
| 8.5 | 1 | 0.1% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 475 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 425 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 375 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 160 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 113 | 1 | 0.1% |
| Distinct count | 3 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.4% |
| Missing | 205 |
| Missing (%) | 20.5% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| There is a schedule and/or spec (made by me or by a colleague), and my work somewhat aligns | |
|---|---|
| There's no schedule or spec; I work on what seems most important or urgent | |
| There is a schedule and/or spec (made by me or by a colleague), and I follow it very closely |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| There is a schedule and/or spec (made by me or by a colleague), and my work somewhat aligns | 424 | 42.4% | |
| There's no schedule or spec; I work on what seems most important or urgent | 216 | 21.6% | |
| There is a schedule and/or spec (made by me or by a colleague), and I follow it very closely | 155 | 15.5% | |
| (Missing) | 205 | 20.5% |
Length
| Max length | 92 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 91 |
| Mean length | 69.443 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 125 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 15.8% |
| Missing | 211 |
| Missing (%) | 21.1% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Being tasked with non-development work;Distracting work environment;Meetings | 25 |
|---|---|
| Being tasked with non-development work;Meetings;Not enough people for the workload | 25 |
| Distracting work environment;Meetings;Not enough people for the workload | 16 |
| Non-work commitments (parenting, school work, hobbies, etc.) | 15 |
| Distracting work environment;Meetings | 15 |
| Other values (120) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Being tasked with non-development work;Distracting work environment;Meetings | 25 | 2.5% | |
| Being tasked with non-development work;Meetings;Not enough people for the workload | 25 | 2.5% | |
| Distracting work environment;Meetings;Not enough people for the workload | 16 | 1.6% | |
| Non-work commitments (parenting, school work, hobbies, etc.) | 15 | 1.5% | |
| Distracting work environment;Meetings | 15 | 1.5% | |
| Distracting work environment;Lack of support from management;Toxic work environment | 15 | 1.5% | |
| Being tasked with non-development work;Distracting work environment;Lack of support from management | 15 | 1.5% | |
| Being tasked with non-development work;Distracting work environment;Non-work commitments (parenting, school work, hobbies, etc.) | 14 | 1.4% | |
| Not enough people for the workload | 14 | 1.4% | |
| Meetings | 13 | 1.3% | |
| Other values (115) | 622 | 62.2% | |
| (Missing) | 211 | 21.1% |
Length
| Max length | 136 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 72 |
| Mean length | 62.002 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 7 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.9% |
| Missing | 198 |
| Missing (%) | 19.8% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Less than once per month / Never | |
|---|---|
| A few days each month | |
| All or almost all the time (I'm full-time remote) | |
| Less than half the time, but at least one day each week | |
| It's complicated | 41 |
| Other values (2) | 55 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Less than once per month / Never | 352 | 35.2% | |
| A few days each month | 193 | 19.3% | |
| All or almost all the time (I'm full-time remote) | 83 | 8.3% | |
| Less than half the time, but at least one day each week | 78 | 7.8% | |
| It's complicated | 41 | 4.1% | |
| About half the time | 30 | 3.0% | |
| More than half, but not all, the time | 25 | 2.5% | |
| (Missing) | 198 | 19.8% |
Length
| Max length | 55 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 32 |
| Mean length | 26.419 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 3 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.4% |
| Missing | 189 |
| Missing (%) | 18.9% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Office | |
|---|---|
| Home | |
| Other place, such as a coworking space or cafe | 69 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Office | 473 | 47.3% | |
| Home | 269 | 26.9% | |
| Other place, such as a coworking space or cafe | 69 | 6.9% | |
| (Missing) | 189 | 18.9% |
Length
| Max length | 46 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 6 |
| Mean length | 7.655 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 5 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.6% |
| Missing | 178 |
| Missing (%) | 17.8% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| A little above average | |
|---|---|
| Far above average | |
| Average | |
| A little below average | 71 |
| Far below average | 23 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| A little above average | 362 | 36.2% | |
| Far above average | 188 | 18.8% | |
| Average | 178 | 17.8% | |
| A little below average | 71 | 7.1% | |
| Far below average | 23 | 2.3% | |
| (Missing) | 178 | 17.8% |
Length
| Max length | 22 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 17 |
| Mean length | 14.893 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 3 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.4% |
| Missing | 189 |
| Missing (%) | 18.9% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Yes, because I see value in code review | |
|---|---|
| No | |
| Yes, because I was told to do so | 55 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Yes, because I see value in code review | 557 | 55.7% | |
| No | 199 | 19.9% | |
| Yes, because I was told to do so | 55 | 5.5% | |
| (Missing) | 189 | 18.9% |
Length
| Max length | 39 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 39 |
| Mean length | 24.448 |
| Min length | 2 |
| Distinct count | 21 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 3.8% |
| Missing | 443 |
| Missing (%) | 44.3% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 4.7283842010771995 |
|---|---|
| Minimum | 0.0 |
| Maximum | 50.0 |
| Zeros | 4 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.4% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 0 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 1 |
| Q1 | 2 |
| median | 4 |
| Q3 | 5 |
| 95-th percentile | 10 |
| Maximum | 50 |
| Range | 50 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 3 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 4.131972491 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.873865641 |
| Kurtosis | 30.0474905 |
| Mean | 4.728384201 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 2 |
| Skewness | 3.930833127 |
| Sum | 2633.71 |
| Variance | 17.07319667 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 5 | 120 | 12.0% | |
| 2 | 110 | 11.0% | |
| 4 | 69 | 6.9% | |
| 3 | 66 | 6.6% | |
| 1 | 58 | 5.8% | |
| 10 | 42 | 4.2% | |
| 8 | 30 | 3.0% | |
| 6 | 19 | 1.9% | |
| 7 | 10 | 1.0% | |
| 15 | 8 | 0.8% | |
| Other values (11) | 25 | 2.5% | |
| (Missing) | 443 | 44.3% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 0 | 4 | 0.4% | |
| 0.01 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 0.5 | 3 | 0.3% | |
| 1 | 58 | 5.8% | |
| 1.5 | 1 | 0.1% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 50 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 30 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 24 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 20 | 7 | 0.7% | |
| 16 | 1 | 0.1% |
| Distinct count | 4 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.6% |
| Missing | 277 |
| Missing (%) | 27.7% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Yes, it's part of our process | |
|---|---|
| No, but I think we should | |
| Yes, it's not part of our process but the developers do it on their own | |
| No, and I'm glad we don't | 35 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Yes, it's part of our process | 311 | 31.1% | |
| No, but I think we should | 244 | 24.4% | |
| Yes, it's not part of our process but the developers do it on their own | 133 | 13.3% | |
| No, and I'm glad we don't | 35 | 3.5% | |
| (Missing) | 277 | 27.7% |
Length
| Max length | 71 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 25 |
| Mean length | 26.268 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 4 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.6% |
| Missing | 297 |
| Missing (%) | 29.7% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Developers and management have nearly equal input into purchasing new technology | |
|---|---|
| Not sure | |
| The CTO, CIO, or other management purchase new technology typically without the involvement of developers | |
| Developers typically have the most influence on purchasing new technology |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Developers and management have nearly equal input into purchasing new technology | 217 | 21.7% | |
| Not sure | 191 | 19.1% | |
| The CTO, CIO, or other management purchase new technology typically without the involvement of developers | 157 | 15.7% | |
| Developers typically have the most influence on purchasing new technology | 138 | 13.8% | |
| (Missing) | 297 | 29.7% |
Length
| Max length | 105 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 73 |
| Mean length | 46.338 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 3 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.4% |
| Missing | 283 |
| Missing (%) | 28.3% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| I have little or no influence | |
|---|---|
| I have some influence | |
| I have a great deal of influence |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| I have little or no influence | 316 | 31.6% | |
| I have some influence | 289 | 28.9% | |
| I have a great deal of influence | 112 | 11.2% | |
| (Missing) | 283 | 28.3% |
Length
| Max length | 32 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 21 |
| Mean length | 19.666 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 694 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 70.5% |
| Missing | 15 |
| Missing (%) | 1.5% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| HTML/CSS;JavaScript | 21 |
|---|---|
| C#;HTML/CSS;JavaScript;SQL | 15 |
| HTML/CSS;JavaScript;PHP | 14 |
| Python | 13 |
| C#;HTML/CSS;JavaScript;SQL;TypeScript | 13 |
| Other values (689) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| HTML/CSS;JavaScript | 21 | 2.1% | |
| C#;HTML/CSS;JavaScript;SQL | 15 | 1.5% | |
| HTML/CSS;JavaScript;PHP | 14 | 1.4% | |
| Python | 13 | 1.3% | |
| C#;HTML/CSS;JavaScript;SQL;TypeScript | 13 | 1.3% | |
| Java | 10 | 1.0% | |
| Bash/Shell/PowerShell;C#;HTML/CSS;JavaScript;SQL | 8 | 0.8% | |
| HTML/CSS;JavaScript;PHP;SQL | 8 | 0.8% | |
| Java;Kotlin | 8 | 0.8% | |
| HTML/CSS;JavaScript;TypeScript | 8 | 0.8% | |
| Other values (684) | 867 | 86.7% | |
| (Missing) | 15 | 1.5% |
Length
| Max length | 104 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 34 |
| Mean length | 36.805 |
| Min length | 1 |
| Distinct count | 740 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 77.8% |
| Missing | 49 |
| Missing (%) | 4.9% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Python | 20 |
|---|---|
| HTML/CSS;JavaScript | 11 |
| HTML/CSS;JavaScript;PHP;SQL | 7 |
| TypeScript | 7 |
| HTML/CSS;JavaScript;TypeScript | 7 |
| Other values (735) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Python | 20 | 2.0% | |
| HTML/CSS;JavaScript | 11 | 1.1% | |
| HTML/CSS;JavaScript;PHP;SQL | 7 | 0.7% | |
| TypeScript | 7 | 0.7% | |
| HTML/CSS;JavaScript;TypeScript | 7 | 0.7% | |
| C#;HTML/CSS;JavaScript;SQL;TypeScript | 7 | 0.7% | |
| C# | 6 | 0.6% | |
| C++ | 5 | 0.5% | |
| JavaScript | 5 | 0.5% | |
| C#;HTML/CSS;JavaScript;TypeScript | 5 | 0.5% | |
| Other values (730) | 871 | 87.1% | |
| (Missing) | 49 | 4.9% |
Length
| Max length | 182 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 30 |
| Mean length | 31.957 |
| Min length | 1 |
| Distinct count | 318 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 37.3% |
| Missing | 147 |
| Missing (%) | 14.7% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Microsoft SQL Server | 63 |
|---|---|
| MySQL | 53 |
| SQLite | 32 |
| PostgreSQL | 28 |
| MySQL;SQLite | 22 |
| Other values (313) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Microsoft SQL Server | 63 | 6.3% | |
| MySQL | 53 | 5.3% | |
| SQLite | 32 | 3.2% | |
| PostgreSQL | 28 | 2.8% | |
| MySQL;SQLite | 22 | 2.2% | |
| Microsoft SQL Server;MySQL | 20 | 2.0% | |
| Oracle | 19 | 1.9% | |
| MongoDB;MySQL | 16 | 1.6% | |
| MongoDB | 15 | 1.5% | |
| MariaDB;MySQL | 15 | 1.5% | |
| Other values (308) | 570 | 57.0% | |
| (Missing) | 147 | 14.7% |
Length
| Max length | 125 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 20 |
| Mean length | 21.876 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 318 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 40.9% |
| Missing | 222 |
| Missing (%) | 22.2% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| MySQL | 43 |
|---|---|
| Microsoft SQL Server | 36 |
| PostgreSQL | 35 |
| MongoDB | 29 |
| SQLite | 24 |
| Other values (313) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| MySQL | 43 | 4.3% | |
| Microsoft SQL Server | 36 | 3.6% | |
| PostgreSQL | 35 | 3.5% | |
| MongoDB | 29 | 2.9% | |
| SQLite | 24 | 2.4% | |
| PostgreSQL;Redis | 15 | 1.5% | |
| PostgreSQL;SQLite | 15 | 1.5% | |
| Firebase | 14 | 1.4% | |
| MongoDB;MySQL | 12 | 1.2% | |
| MySQL;SQLite | 10 | 1.0% | |
| Other values (308) | 545 | 54.5% | |
| (Missing) | 222 | 22.2% |
Length
| Max length | 125 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 16 |
| Mean length | 20.071 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 447 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 49.3% |
| Missing | 94 |
| Missing (%) | 9.4% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Windows | 70 |
|---|---|
| Linux | 42 |
| Linux;Windows | 41 |
| Android | 31 |
| Microsoft Azure;Windows | 15 |
| Other values (442) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Windows | 70 | 7.0% | |
| Linux | 42 | 4.2% | |
| Linux;Windows | 41 | 4.1% | |
| Android | 31 | 3.1% | |
| Microsoft Azure;Windows | 15 | 1.5% | |
| Docker;Linux | 15 | 1.5% | |
| Android;Windows | 12 | 1.2% | |
| Docker;Linux;Windows | 11 | 1.1% | |
| iOS | 11 | 1.1% | |
| Other(s): | 10 | 1.0% | |
| Other values (437) | 648 | 64.8% | |
| (Missing) | 94 | 9.4% |
Length
| Max length | 144 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 18 |
| Mean length | 23.469 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 486 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 56.2% |
| Missing | 136 |
| Missing (%) | 13.6% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Linux | 37 |
|---|---|
| Windows | 26 |
| Docker;Linux | 20 |
| Linux;Windows | 19 |
| Android | 17 |
| Other values (481) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Linux | 37 | 3.7% | |
| Windows | 26 | 2.6% | |
| Docker;Linux | 20 | 2.0% | |
| Linux;Windows | 19 | 1.9% | |
| Android | 17 | 1.7% | |
| Android;iOS | 14 | 1.4% | |
| Microsoft Azure;Windows | 11 | 1.1% | |
| Linux;MacOS | 10 | 1.0% | |
| Docker | 9 | 0.9% | |
| AWS;Docker;Linux | 9 | 0.9% | |
| Other values (476) | 692 | 69.2% | |
| (Missing) | 136 | 13.6% |
Length
| Max length | 155 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 21 |
| Mean length | 26.455 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 237 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 33.4% |
| Missing | 290 |
| Missing (%) | 29.0% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| jQuery | 46 |
|---|---|
| ASP.NET;jQuery | 33 |
| ASP.NET | 31 |
| React.js | 26 |
| Spring | 25 |
| Other values (232) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| jQuery | 46 | 4.6% | |
| ASP.NET;jQuery | 33 | 3.3% | |
| ASP.NET | 31 | 3.1% | |
| React.js | 26 | 2.6% | |
| Spring | 25 | 2.5% | |
| Angular/Angular.js;ASP.NET;jQuery | 25 | 2.5% | |
| Other(s): | 16 | 1.6% | |
| Django | 16 | 1.6% | |
| Angular/Angular.js | 15 | 1.5% | |
| Angular/Angular.js;ASP.NET | 15 | 1.5% | |
| Other values (227) | 462 | 46.2% | |
| (Missing) | 290 | 29.0% |
Length
| Max length | 106 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 13 |
| Mean length | 16.299 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 235 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 33.8% |
| Missing | 304 |
| Missing (%) | 30.4% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| React.js | 33 |
|---|---|
| Vue.js | 22 |
| ASP.NET | 21 |
| jQuery | 18 |
| Other(s): | 18 |
| Other values (230) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| React.js | 33 | 3.3% | |
| Vue.js | 22 | 2.2% | |
| ASP.NET | 21 | 2.1% | |
| jQuery | 18 | 1.8% | |
| Other(s): | 18 | 1.8% | |
| Flask | 17 | 1.7% | |
| React.js;Vue.js | 16 | 1.6% | |
| Express;React.js | 16 | 1.6% | |
| Angular/Angular.js | 15 | 1.5% | |
| Spring | 15 | 1.5% | |
| Other values (225) | 505 | 50.5% | |
| (Missing) | 304 | 30.4% |
Length
| Max length | 108 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 13 |
| Mean length | 16.847 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 181 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 27.1% |
| Missing | 331 |
| Missing (%) | 33.1% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Node.js | |
|---|---|
| .NET | 57 |
| .NET;.NET Core | 52 |
| .NET;.NET Core;Node.js | 32 |
| Ansible | 22 |
| Other values (176) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Node.js | 112 | 11.2% | |
| .NET | 57 | 5.7% | |
| .NET;.NET Core | 52 | 5.2% | |
| .NET;.NET Core;Node.js | 32 | 3.2% | |
| Ansible | 22 | 2.2% | |
| .NET;Node.js | 20 | 2.0% | |
| Other(s): | 18 | 1.8% | |
| Node.js;React Native | 15 | 1.5% | |
| React Native | 14 | 1.4% | |
| Pandas | 13 | 1.3% | |
| Other values (171) | 314 | 31.4% | |
| (Missing) | 331 | 33.1% |
Length
| Max length | 97 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 7 |
| Mean length | 12.099 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 299 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 41.1% |
| Missing | 273 |
| Missing (%) | 27.3% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Node.js | 77 |
|---|---|
| .NET;.NET Core | 36 |
| Node.js;React Native | 27 |
| .NET;.NET Core;Node.js | 21 |
| React Native | 20 |
| Other values (294) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Node.js | 77 | 7.7% | |
| .NET;.NET Core | 36 | 3.6% | |
| Node.js;React Native | 27 | 2.7% | |
| .NET;.NET Core;Node.js | 21 | 2.1% | |
| React Native | 20 | 2.0% | |
| .NET Core | 15 | 1.5% | |
| .NET | 15 | 1.5% | |
| Ansible | 14 | 1.4% | |
| TensorFlow | 13 | 1.3% | |
| Other(s): | 13 | 1.3% | |
| Other values (289) | 476 | 47.6% | |
| (Missing) | 273 | 27.3% |
Length
| Max length | 164 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 13 |
| Mean length | 18.278 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 447 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 45.5% |
| Missing | 17 |
| Missing (%) | 1.7% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Visual Studio Code | 58 |
|---|---|
| Visual Studio;Visual Studio Code | 52 |
| Notepad++;Visual Studio;Visual Studio Code | 34 |
| Notepad++;Visual Studio | 28 |
| Vim | 27 |
| Other values (442) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Visual Studio Code | 58 | 5.8% | |
| Visual Studio;Visual Studio Code | 52 | 5.2% | |
| Notepad++;Visual Studio;Visual Studio Code | 34 | 3.4% | |
| Notepad++;Visual Studio | 28 | 2.8% | |
| Vim | 27 | 2.7% | |
| Vim;Visual Studio Code | 25 | 2.5% | |
| Visual Studio | 19 | 1.9% | |
| Emacs | 14 | 1.4% | |
| IntelliJ;Visual Studio Code | 14 | 1.4% | |
| Sublime Text | 14 | 1.4% | |
| Other values (437) | 698 | 69.8% | |
| (Missing) | 17 | 1.7% |
Length
| Max length | 207 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 30 |
| Mean length | 31.979 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 4 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.4% |
| Missing | 13 |
| Missing (%) | 1.3% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Windows | |
|---|---|
| MacOS | |
| Linux-based | |
| BSD | 2 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Windows | 482 | 48.2% | |
| MacOS | 255 | 25.5% | |
| Linux-based | 248 | 24.8% | |
| BSD | 2 | 0.2% | |
| (Missing) | 13 | 1.3% |
Length
| Max length | 11 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 7 |
| Mean length | 7.422 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 16 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 1.7% |
| Missing | 41 |
| Missing (%) | 4.1% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| I do not use containers | |
|---|---|
| Development;Testing;Production | 86 |
| Outside of work, for personal projects | 79 |
| Development;Testing;Production;Outside of work, for personal projects | 79 |
| Development | 63 |
| Other values (11) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| I do not use containers | 437 | 43.7% | |
| Development;Testing;Production | 86 | 8.6% | |
| Outside of work, for personal projects | 79 | 7.9% | |
| Development;Testing;Production;Outside of work, for personal projects | 79 | 7.9% | |
| Development | 63 | 6.3% | |
| Development;Testing | 56 | 5.6% | |
| Development;Testing;Outside of work, for personal projects | 28 | 2.8% | |
| Development;Outside of work, for personal projects | 28 | 2.8% | |
| Testing | 25 | 2.5% | |
| Production | 19 | 1.9% | |
| Other values (6) | 59 | 5.9% | |
| (Missing) | 41 | 4.1% |
Length
| Max length | 69 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 23 |
| Mean length | 28.342 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 5 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.9% |
| Missing | 448 |
| Missing (%) | 44.8% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Not at all | |
|---|---|
| Non-currency applications of blockchain | 65 |
| Implementing cryptocurrency-based products | 23 |
| Accepting Bitcoin or other coins and tokens as payments | 11 |
| Implementing our own cryptocurrency | 8 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Not at all | 445 | 44.5% | |
| Non-currency applications of blockchain | 65 | 6.5% | |
| Implementing cryptocurrency-based products | 23 | 2.3% | |
| Accepting Bitcoin or other coins and tokens as payments | 11 | 1.1% | |
| Implementing our own cryptocurrency | 8 | 0.8% | |
| (Missing) | 448 | 44.8% |
Length
| Max length | 55 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 10 |
| Mean length | 10.18 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 5 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.7% |
| Missing | 323 |
| Missing (%) | 32.3% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Useful across many domains and could change many aspects of our lives | |
|---|---|
| Useful for immutable record keeping outside of currency | |
| A passing fad | |
| An irresponsible use of resources | |
| Useful for decentralized currency (i.e., Bitcoin) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Useful across many domains and could change many aspects of our lives | 200 | 20.0% | |
| Useful for immutable record keeping outside of currency | 164 | 16.4% | |
| A passing fad | 121 | 12.1% | |
| An irresponsible use of resources | 112 | 11.2% | |
| Useful for decentralized currency (i.e., Bitcoin) | 80 | 8.0% | |
| (Missing) | 323 | 32.3% |
Length
| Max length | 69 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 33 |
| Mean length | 32.978 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 2 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.2% |
| Missing | 39 |
| Missing (%) | 3.9% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Yes | |
|---|---|
| No | |
| (Missing) | 39 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Yes | 627 | 62.7% | |
| No | 334 | 33.4% | |
| (Missing) | 39 | 3.9% |
| Distinct count | 4 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.4% |
| Missing | 18 |
| Missing (%) | 1.8% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Yes | |
|---|---|
| SIGH | |
| Also Yes | |
| Fortunately, someone else has that title | 79 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Yes | 502 | 50.2% | |
| SIGH | 268 | 26.8% | |
| Also Yes | 133 | 13.3% | |
| Fortunately, someone else has that title | 79 | 7.9% | |
| (Missing) | 18 | 1.8% |
Length
| Max length | 40 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 3 |
| Mean length | 6.856 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 3 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.3% |
| Missing | 23 |
| Missing (%) | 2.3% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Yes | |
|---|---|
| What? | 123 |
| No | 94 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Yes | 760 | 76.0% | |
| What? | 123 | 12.3% | |
| No | 94 | 9.4% | |
| (Missing) | 23 | 2.3% |
Length
| Max length | 5 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 3 |
| Mean length | 3.152 |
| Min length | 2 |
| Distinct count | 12 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 1.3% |
| Missing | 48 |
| Missing (%) | 4.8% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| YouTube | |
|---|---|
| Other values (7) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 176 | 17.6% | ||
| 171 | 17.1% | ||
| YouTube | 156 | 15.6% | |
| 139 | 13.9% | ||
| 121 | 12.1% | ||
| 62 | 6.2% | ||
| I don't use social media | 53 | 5.3% | |
| 47 | 4.7% | ||
| VK ВКонта́кте | 13 | 1.3% | |
| WeChat 微信 | 10 | 1.0% | |
| Other values (2) | 4 | 0.4% | |
| (Missing) | 48 | 4.8% |
Length
| Max length | 24 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 7 |
| Mean length | 8.12 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 3 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.3% |
| Missing | 13 |
| Missing (%) | 1.3% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| In real life (in person) | |
|---|---|
| Online | |
| Neither | 89 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| In real life (in person) | 604 | 60.4% | |
| Online | 294 | 29.4% | |
| Neither | 89 | 8.9% | |
| (Missing) | 13 | 1.3% |
Length
| Max length | 24 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 24 |
| Mean length | 16.922 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 5 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.6% |
| Missing | 94 |
| Missing (%) | 9.4% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Username | |
|---|---|
| Login | 108 |
| UserID | 67 |
| Handle | 38 |
| Screen Name | 23 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Username | 670 | 67.0% | |
| Login | 108 | 10.8% | |
| UserID | 67 | 6.7% | |
| Handle | 38 | 3.8% | |
| Screen Name | 23 | 2.3% | |
| (Missing) | 94 | 9.4% |
Length
| Max length | 11 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 8 |
| Mean length | 7.065 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 13 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 1.4% |
| Missing | 51 |
| Missing (%) | 5.1% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| 2010 | |
|---|---|
| 2012 | |
| 2008 | |
| I don't remember | |
| 2011 | 81 |
| Other values (8) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 2010 | 123 | 12.3% | |
| 2012 | 110 | 11.0% | |
| 2008 | 110 | 11.0% | |
| I don't remember | 92 | 9.2% | |
| 2011 | 81 | 8.1% | |
| 2014 | 78 | 7.8% | |
| 2009 | 69 | 6.9% | |
| 2013 | 69 | 6.9% | |
| 2015 | 67 | 6.7% | |
| 2016 | 56 | 5.6% | |
| Other values (3) | 94 | 9.4% | |
| (Missing) | 51 | 5.1% |
Length
| Max length | 16 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 4 |
| Mean length | 5.053 |
| Min length | 3 |
SOVisitFreq
Categorical
| Distinct count | 6 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.6% |
| Missing | 3 |
| Missing (%) | 0.3% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Daily or almost daily | |
|---|---|
| Multiple times per day | |
| A few times per week | |
| A few times per month or weekly | |
| Less than once per month or monthly | 32 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Daily or almost daily | 302 | 30.2% | |
| Multiple times per day | 289 | 28.9% | |
| A few times per week | 243 | 24.3% | |
| A few times per month or weekly | 127 | 12.7% | |
| Less than once per month or monthly | 32 | 3.2% | |
| I have never visited Stack Overflow (before today) | 4 | 0.4% | |
| (Missing) | 3 | 0.3% |
Length
| Max length | 50 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 21 |
| Mean length | 22.826 |
| Min length | 3 |
SOVisitTo
Categorical
| Distinct count | 44 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 4.4% |
| Missing | 6 |
| Missing (%) | 0.6% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Find answers to specific questions | |
|---|---|
| Find answers to specific questions;Learn how to do things I didn’t necessarily look for | |
| Find answers to specific questions;Contribute to a library of information | |
| Find answers to specific questions;Learn how to do things I didn’t necessarily look for;Contribute to a library of information | 51 |
| Find answers to specific questions;Learn how to do things I didn’t necessarily look for;Pass the time / relax | 46 |
| Other values (39) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Find answers to specific questions | 389 | 38.9% | |
| Find answers to specific questions;Learn how to do things I didn’t necessarily look for | 166 | 16.6% | |
| Find answers to specific questions;Contribute to a library of information | 81 | 8.1% | |
| Find answers to specific questions;Learn how to do things I didn’t necessarily look for;Contribute to a library of information | 51 | 5.1% | |
| Find answers to specific questions;Learn how to do things I didn’t necessarily look for;Pass the time / relax | 46 | 4.6% | |
| Find answers to specific questions;Learn how to do things I didn’t necessarily look for;Get a sense of belonging to the developer community | 31 | 3.1% | |
| Find answers to specific questions;Pass the time / relax | 28 | 2.8% | |
| Find answers to specific questions;Get a sense of belonging to the developer community | 27 | 2.7% | |
| Find answers to specific questions;Contribute to a library of information;Get a sense of belonging to the developer community | 22 | 2.2% | |
| Find answers to specific questions;Learn how to do things I didn’t necessarily look for;Contribute to a library of information;Pass the time / relax | 20 | 2.0% | |
| Other values (34) | 133 | 13.3% |
Length
| Max length | 251 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 73 |
| Mean length | 77.564 |
| Min length | 3 |
SOFindAnswer
Categorical
| Distinct count | 5 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.5% |
| Missing | 7 |
| Missing (%) | 0.7% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| 1-2 times per week | |
|---|---|
| 3-5 times per week | |
| More than 10 times per week | |
| Less than once per week | |
| 6-10 times per week |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 1-2 times per week | 294 | 29.4% | |
| 3-5 times per week | 275 | 27.5% | |
| More than 10 times per week | 174 | 17.4% | |
| Less than once per week | 146 | 14.6% | |
| 6-10 times per week | 104 | 10.4% | |
| (Missing) | 7 | 0.7% |
Length
| Max length | 27 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 18 |
| Mean length | 20.295 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 5 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.5% |
| Missing | 28 |
| Missing (%) | 2.8% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Stack Overflow was much faster | |
|---|---|
| Stack Overflow was slightly faster | |
| They were about the same | |
| The other resource was slightly faster | 16 |
| The other resource was much faster | 9 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Stack Overflow was much faster | 506 | 50.6% | |
| Stack Overflow was slightly faster | 244 | 24.4% | |
| They were about the same | 197 | 19.7% | |
| The other resource was slightly faster | 16 | 1.6% | |
| The other resource was much faster | 9 | 0.9% | |
| (Missing) | 28 | 2.8% |
Length
| Max length | 38 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 30 |
| Mean length | 29.202 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 4 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.5% |
| Missing | 241 |
| Missing (%) | 24.1% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| 11-30 minutes | |
|---|---|
| 0-10 minutes | |
| 31-60 minutes | |
| 60+ minutes |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 11-30 minutes | 310 | 31.0% | |
| 0-10 minutes | 175 | 17.5% | |
| 31-60 minutes | 162 | 16.2% | |
| 60+ minutes | 112 | 11.2% | |
| (Missing) | 241 | 24.1% |
Length
| Max length | 13 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 12 |
| Mean length | 10.191 |
| Min length | 3 |
SOAccount
Categorical
| Distinct count | 3 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.3% |
| Missing | 8 |
| Missing (%) | 0.8% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Yes | |
|---|---|
| No | 108 |
| Not sure / can't remember | 50 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Yes | 834 | 83.4% | |
| No | 108 | 10.8% | |
| Not sure / can't remember | 50 | 5.0% | |
| (Missing) | 8 | 0.8% |
Length
| Max length | 25 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 3 |
| Mean length | 3.992 |
| Min length | 2 |
| Distinct count | 6 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.7% |
| Missing | 169 |
| Missing (%) | 16.9% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Less than once per month or monthly | |
|---|---|
| I have never participated in Q&A on Stack Overflow | |
| A few times per month or weekly | |
| A few times per week | |
| Daily or almost daily | 40 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Less than once per month or monthly | 351 | 35.1% | |
| I have never participated in Q&A on Stack Overflow | 192 | 19.2% | |
| A few times per month or weekly | 147 | 14.7% | |
| A few times per week | 84 | 8.4% | |
| Daily or almost daily | 40 | 4.0% | |
| Multiple times per day | 17 | 1.7% | |
| (Missing) | 169 | 16.9% |
Length
| Max length | 50 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 35 |
| Mean length | 29.843 |
| Min length | 3 |
SOJobs
Categorical
| Distinct count | 3 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.3% |
| Missing | 6 |
| Missing (%) | 0.6% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Yes | |
|---|---|
| No, I knew that Stack Overflow had a job board but have never used or visited it | |
| No, I didn't know that Stack Overflow had a job board |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Yes | 449 | 44.9% | |
| No, I knew that Stack Overflow had a job board but have never used or visited it | 376 | 37.6% | |
| No, I didn't know that Stack Overflow had a job board | 169 | 16.9% | |
| (Missing) | 6 | 0.6% |
Length
| Max length | 80 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 53 |
| Mean length | 40.402 |
| Min length | 3 |
EntTeams
Categorical
| Distinct count | 3 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.3% |
| Missing | 6 |
| Missing (%) | 0.6% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| No, and I don't know what those are | |
|---|---|
| No, I've heard of them, but I am not part of a private Q&A instance | |
| Yes | 35 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| No, and I don't know what those are | 556 | 55.6% | |
| No, I've heard of them, but I am not part of a private Q&A instance | 403 | 40.3% | |
| Yes | 35 | 3.5% | |
| (Missing) | 6 | 0.6% |
Length
| Max length | 67 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 35 |
| Mean length | 46.584 |
| Min length | 3 |
SOComm
Categorical
| Distinct count | 6 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.6% |
| Missing | 5 |
| Missing (%) | 0.5% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Yes, somewhat | |
|---|---|
| No, not really | |
| Neutral | |
| Yes, definitely | |
| No, not at all |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Yes, somewhat | 311 | 31.1% | |
| No, not really | 228 | 22.8% | |
| Neutral | 193 | 19.3% | |
| Yes, definitely | 178 | 17.8% | |
| No, not at all | 77 | 7.7% | |
| Not sure | 8 | 0.8% | |
| (Missing) | 5 | 0.5% |
Length
| Max length | 15 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 13 |
| Mean length | 12.413 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 6 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.6% |
| Missing | 44 |
| Missing (%) | 4.4% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Just as welcome now as I felt last year | |
|---|---|
| Somewhat more welcome now than last year | 99 |
| Somewhat less welcome now than last year | 61 |
| A lot more welcome now than last year | 39 |
| A lot less welcome now than last year | 29 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Just as welcome now as I felt last year | 704 | 70.4% | |
| Somewhat more welcome now than last year | 99 | 9.9% | |
| Somewhat less welcome now than last year | 61 | 6.1% | |
| A lot more welcome now than last year | 39 | 3.9% | |
| A lot less welcome now than last year | 29 | 2.9% | |
| Not applicable - I did not use Stack Overflow last year | 24 | 2.4% | |
| (Missing) | 44 | 4.4% |
Length
| Max length | 55 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 39 |
| Mean length | 37.824 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 15 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 1.9% |
| Missing | 215 |
| Missing (%) | 21.5% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Tech articles written by other developers;Industry news about technologies you're interested in;Tech meetups or events in your area;Courses on technologies you're interested in | |
|---|---|
| Tech articles written by other developers;Courses on technologies you're interested in | |
| Tech articles written by other developers | |
| Tech articles written by other developers;Industry news about technologies you're interested in;Courses on technologies you're interested in | 60 |
| Tech articles written by other developers;Tech meetups or events in your area;Courses on technologies you're interested in | 58 |
| Other values (10) |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Tech articles written by other developers;Industry news about technologies you're interested in;Tech meetups or events in your area;Courses on technologies you're interested in | 193 | 19.3% | |
| Tech articles written by other developers;Courses on technologies you're interested in | 83 | 8.3% | |
| Tech articles written by other developers | 75 | 7.5% | |
| Tech articles written by other developers;Industry news about technologies you're interested in;Courses on technologies you're interested in | 60 | 6.0% | |
| Tech articles written by other developers;Tech meetups or events in your area;Courses on technologies you're interested in | 58 | 5.8% | |
| Tech articles written by other developers;Industry news about technologies you're interested in | 57 | 5.7% | |
| Tech meetups or events in your area | 45 | 4.5% | |
| Tech articles written by other developers;Tech meetups or events in your area | 42 | 4.2% | |
| Tech meetups or events in your area;Courses on technologies you're interested in | 40 | 4.0% | |
| Courses on technologies you're interested in | 39 | 3.9% | |
| Other values (5) | 93 | 9.3% | |
| (Missing) | 215 | 21.5% |
Length
| Max length | 176 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 86 |
| Mean length | 85.078 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 53 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 5.9% |
| Missing | 104 |
| Missing (%) | 10.4% |
| Infinite | 0 |
| Infinite (%) | 0.0% |
| Mean | 30.013392857142858 |
|---|---|
| Minimum | 4.0 |
| Maximum | 99.0 |
| Zeros | 0 |
| Zeros (%) | 0.0% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
Quantile statistics
| Minimum | 4 |
|---|---|
| 5-th percentile | 19 |
| Q1 | 24 |
| median | 28 |
| Q3 | 34 |
| 95-th percentile | 48 |
| Maximum | 99 |
| Range | 95 |
| Interquartile range (IQR) | 10 |
Descriptive statistics
| Standard deviation | 9.172087807 |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of variation (CV) | 0.3055998317 |
| Kurtosis | 4.598772094 |
| Mean | 30.01339286 |
| Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) | 5 |
| Skewness | 1.401324328 |
| Sum | 26892 |
| Variance | 84.12719473 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 24 | 67 | 6.7% | |
| 28 | 54 | 5.4% | |
| 25 | 53 | 5.3% | |
| 23 | 48 | 4.8% | |
| 30 | 47 | 4.7% | |
| 27 | 46 | 4.6% | |
| 29 | 44 | 4.4% | |
| 26 | 42 | 4.2% | |
| 31 | 39 | 3.9% | |
| 34 | 34 | 3.4% | |
| Other values (43) | 422 | 42.2% | |
| (Missing) | 104 | 10.4% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 4 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 13 | 4 | 0.4% | |
| 14 | 2 | 0.2% | |
| 15 | 12 | 1.2% | |
| 16 | 7 | 0.7% |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| 99 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 69 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 68 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 64 | 1 | 0.1% | |
| 63 | 1 | 0.1% |
| Distinct count | 6 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.6% |
| Missing | 41 |
| Missing (%) | 4.1% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Man | |
|---|---|
| Woman | 75 |
| Non-binary, genderqueer, or gender non-conforming | 10 |
| Woman;Man | 2 |
| Man;Non-binary, genderqueer, or gender non-conforming | 1 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Man | 870 | 87.0% | |
| Woman | 75 | 7.5% | |
| Non-binary, genderqueer, or gender non-conforming | 10 | 1.0% | |
| Woman;Man | 2 | 0.2% | |
| Man;Non-binary, genderqueer, or gender non-conforming | 1 | 0.1% | |
| Woman;Non-binary, genderqueer, or gender non-conforming | 1 | 0.1% | |
| (Missing) | 41 | 4.1% |
Length
| Max length | 55 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 3 |
| Mean length | 3.724 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 2 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.2% |
| Missing | 65 |
| Missing (%) | 6.5% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| No | |
|---|---|
| Yes | 14 |
| (Missing) | 65 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| No | 921 | 92.1% | |
| Yes | 14 | 1.4% | |
| (Missing) | 65 | 6.5% |
| Distinct count | 6 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.7% |
| Missing | 141 |
| Missing (%) | 14.1% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Straight / Heterosexual | |
|---|---|
| Bisexual | 45 |
| Gay or Lesbian | 15 |
| Bisexual;Straight / Heterosexual | 6 |
| Gay or Lesbian;Straight / Heterosexual | 3 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Straight / Heterosexual | 787 | 78.7% | |
| Bisexual | 45 | 4.5% | |
| Gay or Lesbian | 15 | 1.5% | |
| Bisexual;Straight / Heterosexual | 6 | 0.6% | |
| Gay or Lesbian;Straight / Heterosexual | 3 | 0.3% | |
| Bisexual;Gay or Lesbian | 3 | 0.3% | |
| (Missing) | 141 | 14.1% |
Length
| Max length | 38 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 23 |
| Mean length | 19.469 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 37 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 4.3% |
| Missing | 140 |
| Missing (%) | 14.0% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| White or of European descent | |
|---|---|
| South Asian | 91 |
| East Asian | 50 |
| Hispanic or Latino/Latina | 33 |
| Middle Eastern | 30 |
| Other values (32) | 68 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| White or of European descent | 588 | 58.8% | |
| South Asian | 91 | 9.1% | |
| East Asian | 50 | 5.0% | |
| Hispanic or Latino/Latina | 33 | 3.3% | |
| Middle Eastern | 30 | 3.0% | |
| Black or of African descent | 14 | 1.4% | |
| Hispanic or Latino/Latina;White or of European descent | 12 | 1.2% | |
| Middle Eastern;White or of European descent | 4 | 0.4% | |
| Hispanic or Latino/Latina;Multiracial | 3 | 0.3% | |
| Biracial | 3 | 0.3% | |
| Other values (27) | 32 | 3.2% | |
| (Missing) | 140 | 14.0% |
Length
| Max length | 201 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 28 |
| Mean length | 23.205 |
| Min length | 3 |
| Distinct count | 2 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.2% |
| Missing | 74 |
| Missing (%) | 7.4% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| No | |
|---|---|
| Yes | |
| (Missing) | 74 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| No | 565 | 56.5% | |
| Yes | 361 | 36.1% | |
| (Missing) | 74 | 7.4% |
| Distinct count | 3 |
|---|---|
| Unique (%) | 0.3% |
| Missing | 22 |
| Missing (%) | 2.2% |
| Memory size | 7.8 KiB |
| Appropriate in length | |
|---|---|
| Too long | |
| Too short | 17 |
| Value | Count | Frequency (%) | |
| Appropriate in length | 663 | 66.3% | |
| Too long | 298 | 29.8% | |
| Too short | 17 | 1.7% | |
| (Missing) | 22 | 2.2% |
Length
| Max length | 21 |
|---|---|
| Median length | 21 |
| Mean length | 16.526 |
| Min length | 3 |
Pearson's r
The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.
Spearman's ρ
The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.
Kendall's τ
Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.
Phik (φk)
Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.Cramér's V (φc)
Cramér's V is an association measure for nominal random variables. The coefficient ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 indicating independence and 1 indicating perfect association. The empirical estimators used for Cramér's V have been proved to be biased, even for large samples. We use a bias-corrected measure that has been proposed by Bergsma in 2013 that can be found here.First rows
| df_index | Respondent | MainBranch | Hobbyist | OpenSourcer | OpenSource | Employment | Country | Student | EdLevel | UndergradMajor | EduOther | OrgSize | DevType | YearsCode | Age1stCode | YearsCodePro | CareerSat | JobSat | MgrIdiot | MgrMoney | MgrWant | JobSeek | LastHireDate | LastInt | FizzBuzz | JobFactors | ResumeUpdate | CurrencySymbol | CurrencyDesc | CompTotal | CompFreq | ConvertedComp | WorkWeekHrs | WorkPlan | WorkChallenge | WorkRemote | WorkLoc | ImpSyn | CodeRev | CodeRevHrs | UnitTests | PurchaseHow | PurchaseWhat | LanguageWorkedWith | LanguageDesireNextYear | DatabaseWorkedWith | DatabaseDesireNextYear | PlatformWorkedWith | PlatformDesireNextYear | WebFrameWorkedWith | WebFrameDesireNextYear | MiscTechWorkedWith | MiscTechDesireNextYear | DevEnviron | OpSys | Containers | BlockchainOrg | BlockchainIs | BetterLife | ITperson | OffOn | SocialMedia | Extraversion | ScreenName | SOVisit1st | SOVisitFreq | SOVisitTo | SOFindAnswer | SOTimeSaved | SOHowMuchTime | SOAccount | SOPartFreq | SOJobs | EntTeams | SOComm | WelcomeChange | SONewContent | Age | Gender | Trans | Sexuality | Ethnicity | Dependents | SurveyLength | SurveyEase | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 52797 | 53136 | I am a developer by profession | Yes | Once a month or more often | OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than proprietary / closed source software | Employed full-time | Germany | No | Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.) | Computer science, computer engineering, or software engineering | Taken an online course in programming or software development (e.g. a MOOC);Participated in online coding competitions (e.g. HackerRank, CodeChef, TopCoder);Participated in a hackathon;Contributed to open source software | 10 to 19 employees | Designer;Developer, back-end;Developer, desktop or enterprise applications;Developer, embedded applications or devices;Developer, front-end;Developer, full-stack;Developer, mobile | 11 | 13 | 8 | Very satisfied | Slightly satisfied | Very confident | Not sure | Yes | I’m not actively looking, but I am open to new opportunities | 1-2 years ago | Interview with people in peer roles;Interview with people in senior / management roles | No | Office environment or company culture;Opportunities for professional development;Diversity of the company or organization | Something else changed (education, award, media, etc.) | EUR | European Euro | 39000.0 | Yearly | 44684.0 | 40.0 | There is a schedule and/or spec (made by me or by a colleague), and my work somewhat aligns | Being tasked with non-development work;Distracting work environment;Toxic work environment | Less than once per month / Never | Office | A little above average | Yes, because I see value in code review | 5.0 | Yes, it's not part of our process but the developers do it on their own | Not sure | I have some influence | Bash/Shell/PowerShell;C;Go;HTML/CSS;JavaScript;PHP;SQL;TypeScript | Bash/Shell/PowerShell;C#;Dart;Go;HTML/CSS;JavaScript;PHP;Python;Ruby;SQL;TypeScript | Elasticsearch;MariaDB;MySQL;PostgreSQL;SQLite | Couchbase;Elasticsearch;Firebase;MariaDB;MongoDB;MySQL;PostgreSQL;Redis | Docker;Linux;MacOS;Raspberry Pi;Slack | Docker;Linux;MacOS;Raspberry Pi;Slack | Angular/Angular.js;React.js | Angular/Angular.js;ASP.NET;Laravel;Vue.js | Node.js | Flutter;.NET Core;Node.js | Vim;Visual Studio Code | MacOS | Development;Testing;Production;Outside of work, for personal projects | NaN | NaN | Yes | Yes | Yes | YouTube | Online | Screen Name | 2014 | Multiple times per day | Find answers to specific questions;Contribute to a library of information | 1-2 times per week | Stack Overflow was slightly faster | 31-60 minutes | Yes | A few times per week | Yes | No, I've heard of them, but I am not part of a private Q&A instance | Yes, definitely | NaN | Tech articles written by other developers;Tech meetups or events in your area;Courses on technologies you're interested in | 26.0 | Man | No | Bisexual | White or of European descent | No | Appropriate in length | Neither easy nor difficult |
| 1 | 41072 | 41335 | I am a developer by profession | Yes | Less than once a month but more than once per year | OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than proprietary / closed source software | Employed full-time | France | No | Master’s degree (MA, MS, M.Eng., MBA, etc.) | Computer science, computer engineering, or software engineering | Taken an online course in programming or software development (e.g. a MOOC);Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course | 20 to 99 employees | Developer, back-end;Developer, desktop or enterprise applications;Developer, embedded applications or devices;Developer, full-stack | 10 | 14 | 5 | Slightly satisfied | Very satisfied | Somewhat confident | No | Not sure | I am not interested in new job opportunities | More than 4 years ago | NaN | No | Industry that I'd be working in;Office environment or company culture;How widely used or impactful my work output would be | I had a negative experience or interaction at work | EUR | European Euro | 2000.0 | Monthly | 27492.0 | 39.0 | There is a schedule and/or spec (made by me or by a colleague), and my work somewhat aligns | Distracting work environment;Meetings;Toxic work environment | Less than once per month / Never | Office | A little above average | Yes, because I see value in code review | 10.0 | Yes, it's not part of our process but the developers do it on their own | Developers and management have nearly equal input into purchasing new technology | I have some influence | Java;JavaScript | C++;JavaScript;Kotlin;TypeScript | Cassandra;Firebase;MariaDB;MongoDB;PostgreSQL | Cassandra;Firebase;MariaDB;MongoDB;PostgreSQL | Docker;Google Cloud Platform;Kubernetes;Linux | Docker;Google Cloud Platform;Kubernetes;Linux;Microsoft Azure | React.js;Spring | React.js | React Native | React Native | IntelliJ;Visual Studio Code | Linux-based | Development;Testing;Production | Non-currency applications of blockchain | An irresponsible use of resources | No | Also Yes | Yes | Online | Login | 2008 | Daily or almost daily | Find answers to specific questions | 3-5 times per week | They were about the same | NaN | Not sure / can't remember | NaN | No, I knew that Stack Overflow had a job board but have never used or visited it | No, I've heard of them, but I am not part of a private Q&A instance | No, not really | Not applicable - I did not use Stack Overflow last year | Tech articles written by other developers;Industry news about technologies you're interested in;Tech meetups or events in your area;Courses on technologies you're interested in | 30.0 | Man | No | Straight / Heterosexual | White or of European descent | NaN | Appropriate in length | Neither easy nor difficult | |
| 2 | 49541 | 49867 | I am a student who is learning to code | Yes | Less than once per year | OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than proprietary / closed source software | Employed full-time | Bangladesh | No | Master’s degree (MA, MS, M.Eng., MBA, etc.) | Computer science, computer engineering, or software engineering | Received on-the-job training in software development | NaN | Database administrator;Developer, back-end;Developer, front-end;Developer, full-stack;Developer, QA or test | 7 | 5 | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | I am actively looking for a job | More than 4 years ago | NaN | NaN | Remote work options;Flex time or a flexible schedule | I heard about a job opportunity (from a recruiter, online job posting, etc.) | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | C#;HTML/CSS;JavaScript;PHP;Python;SQL | C#;HTML/CSS;JavaScript;PHP;Python;SQL | MariaDB;MySQL;Oracle;SQLite | MariaDB;MySQL;Oracle;Redis | AWS;Linux;Slack;Windows;WordPress | AWS;Linux;Slack;Windows;WordPress | ASP.NET;Express;jQuery;Laravel;React.js | ASP.NET;Express;jQuery;Laravel;React.js | .NET;.NET Core | .NET;.NET Core | Notepad++;PHPStorm;PyCharm;Sublime Text;Visual Studio;Visual Studio Code | Linux-based | Development;Testing | Not at all | NaN | Yes | Yes | No | NaN | Username | 2008 | Multiple times per day | Find answers to specific questions;Contribute to a library of information | More than 10 times per week | Stack Overflow was much faster | 31-60 minutes | Yes | I have never participated in Q&A on Stack Overflow | Yes | Yes | Yes, definitely | A lot less welcome now than last year | NaN | NaN | Man | No | NaN | NaN | Yes | Too long | Neither easy nor difficult | |
| 3 | 42958 | 43233 | I am a developer by profession | Yes | Never | The quality of OSS and closed source software is about the same | Employed full-time | Brazil | No | Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.) | Another engineering discipline (ex. civil, electrical, mechanical) | Taken an online course in programming or software development (e.g. a MOOC);Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course | 10 to 19 employees | Developer, back-end | 8 | 16 | 2 | Slightly dissatisfied | Slightly dissatisfied | Somewhat confident | No | No | I’m not actively looking, but I am open to new opportunities | 1-2 years ago | Interview with people in peer roles;Interview with people in senior / management roles | No | Specific department or team I'd be working on;Languages, frameworks, and other technologies I'd be working with;Opportunities for professional development | I heard about a job opportunity (from a recruiter, online job posting, etc.) | BRL | Brazilian real | 3050.0 | Monthly | 9996.0 | 42.0 | There's no schedule or spec; I work on what seems most important or urgent | Being tasked with non-development work;Lack of support from management;Not enough people for the workload | Less than once per month / Never | Home | A little below average | Yes, because I was told to do so | 1.0 | No, and I'm glad we don't | Not sure | I have little or no influence | HTML/CSS;Java;JavaScript;Python;SQL | Java;Python;SQL | MongoDB;Microsoft SQL Server;Oracle | MongoDB;Microsoft SQL Server | Linux;Windows;WordPress | Linux;Windows | jQuery | Flask | Pandas | Pandas | Eclipse;IntelliJ;Notepad++;PyCharm;Sublime Text;Visual Studio | Windows | I do not use containers | Not at all | Useful across many domains and could change many aspects of our lives | Yes | Yes | Yes | YouTube | In real life (in person) | Username | 2011 | A few times per week | Find answers to specific questions | 1-2 times per week | Stack Overflow was much faster | 11-30 minutes | Yes | Less than once per month or monthly | No, I knew that Stack Overflow had a job board but have never used or visited it | No, and I don't know what those are | No, not really | Just as welcome now as I felt last year | Tech articles written by other developers;Industry news about technologies you're interested in;Courses on technologies you're interested in | 27.0 | Man | No | Straight / Heterosexual | White or of European descent | No | Appropriate in length | Easy |
| 4 | 63352 | 63759 | I am not primarily a developer, but I write code sometimes as part of my work | Yes | Never | OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than proprietary / closed source software | Employed full-time | United States | Yes, full-time | Master’s degree (MA, MS, M.Eng., MBA, etc.) | Another engineering discipline (ex. civil, electrical, mechanical) | Taken an online course in programming or software development (e.g. a MOOC);Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course | 1,000 to 4,999 employees | Academic researcher;Data scientist or machine learning specialist;Educator;Engineer, data;Scientist;Student | 11 | 10 | 5 | Very satisfied | Very satisfied | Very confident | Yes | No | I am not interested in new job opportunities | I've never had a job | Write any code;Write code by hand (e.g., on a whiteboard);Solve a brain-teaser style puzzle;Interview with people in senior / management roles | No | Languages, frameworks, and other technologies I'd be working with;Opportunities for professional development;How widely used or impactful my work output would be | Something else changed (education, award, media, etc.) | USD | United States dollar | 34284.0 | Yearly | 34284.0 | 40.0 | There's no schedule or spec; I work on what seems most important or urgent | Being tasked with non-development work;Lack of support from management;Meetings | Less than half the time, but at least one day each week | Office | Far above average | No | NaN | No, but I think we should | Developers typically have the most influence on purchasing new technology | I have a great deal of influence | Bash/Shell/PowerShell;Python | Python | PostgreSQL | PostgreSQL | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | Pandas | Pandas | Vim | Linux-based | I do not use containers | Not at all | Useful across many domains and could change many aspects of our lives | No | Also Yes | Yes | In real life (in person) | Username | 2012 | A few times per week | Find answers to specific questions;Learn how to do things I didn’t necessarily look for;Contribute to a library of information;Pass the time / relax | 3-5 times per week | Stack Overflow was much faster | 31-60 minutes | Yes | A few times per week | Yes | No, I've heard of them, but I am not part of a private Q&A instance | Yes, definitely | A lot less welcome now than last year | NaN | 26.0 | Man | No | Straight / Heterosexual | South Asian | No | Appropriate in length | Easy | |
| 5 | 14134 | 14201 | I am a developer by profession | Yes | Less than once a month but more than once per year | The quality of OSS and closed source software is about the same | Employed full-time | United States | No | Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.) | A business discipline (ex. accounting, finance, marketing) | Taken an online course in programming or software development (e.g. a MOOC);Participated in a full-time developer training program or bootcamp;Taken a part-time in-person course in programming or software development;Received on-the-job training in software development;Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course;Contributed to open source software | 100 to 499 employees | Database administrator;Developer, back-end;Developer, desktop or enterprise applications;Developer, front-end;Developer, full-stack;Engineer, site reliability | 20 | 14 | 11 | Very satisfied | Slightly satisfied | Somewhat confident | No | No | I’m not actively looking, but I am open to new opportunities | More than 4 years ago | Write any code;Write code by hand (e.g., on a whiteboard);Complete a take-home project;Solve a brain-teaser style puzzle;Interview with people in peer roles;Interview with people in senior / management roles | Yes | Languages, frameworks, and other technologies I'd be working with;How widely used or impactful my work output would be;Flex time or a flexible schedule | Something else changed (education, award, media, etc.) | USD | United States dollar | 135000.0 | Yearly | 135000.0 | 40.0 | There is a schedule and/or spec (made by me or by a colleague), and my work somewhat aligns | Being tasked with non-development work;Meetings;Not enough people for the workload | Less than half the time, but at least one day each week | Other place, such as a coworking space or cafe | A little above average | Yes, because I see value in code review | 2.0 | Yes, it's not part of our process but the developers do it on their own | Developers typically have the most influence on purchasing new technology | I have a great deal of influence | C#;HTML/CSS;JavaScript | TypeScript | Microsoft SQL Server;SQLite | Elasticsearch;Firebase;Redis | Google Cloud Platform;Microsoft Azure;Windows | NaN | Angular/Angular.js;ASP.NET;jQuery;React.js | React.js | .NET;.NET Core;Puppet | .NET;.NET Core | Visual Studio | Windows | I do not use containers | Not at all | A passing fad | Yes | Yes | Yes | In real life (in person) | Login | 2008 | A few times per week | Find answers to specific questions;Contribute to a library of information | 3-5 times per week | Stack Overflow was slightly faster | 11-30 minutes | Yes | Less than once per month or monthly | Yes | No, I've heard of them, but I am not part of a private Q&A instance | Yes, somewhat | Just as welcome now as I felt last year | Tech articles written by other developers;Courses on technologies you're interested in | 37.0 | Man | No | Straight / Heterosexual | White or of European descent | Yes | Appropriate in length | Neither easy nor difficult | |
| 6 | 25162 | 25309 | I am not primarily a developer, but I write code sometimes as part of my work | Yes | Once a month or more often | OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than proprietary / closed source software | Employed full-time | Germany | Yes, full-time | Associate degree | Fine arts or performing arts (ex. graphic design, music, studio art) | Taken a part-time in-person course in programming or software development;Received on-the-job training in software development;Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course;Participated in online coding competitions (e.g. HackerRank, CodeChef, TopCoder);Participated in a hackathon;Contributed to open source software | 20 to 99 employees | Academic researcher;Educator;Product manager;Senior executive/VP;System administrator | 20 | 14 | 10 | Slightly satisfied | Very satisfied | NaN | NaN | NaN | I’m not actively looking, but I am open to new opportunities | Less than a year ago | Write any code;Interview with people in peer roles;Interview with people in senior / management roles | No | Office environment or company culture;Diversity of the company or organization;How widely used or impactful my work output would be | I heard about a job opportunity (from a recruiter, online job posting, etc.) | EUR | European Euro | 3700.0 | Monthly | 50868.0 | 40.0 | There's no schedule or spec; I work on what seems most important or urgent | Being tasked with non-development work;Non-work commitments (parenting, school work, hobbies, etc.);Not enough people for the workload | A few days each month | Office | A little below average | Yes, because I see value in code review | 4.0 | Yes, it's not part of our process but the developers do it on their own | Developers typically have the most influence on purchasing new technology | I have some influence | Bash/Shell/PowerShell;HTML/CSS;JavaScript;PHP;Python;Ruby;Other(s): | Bash/Shell/PowerShell;HTML/CSS;JavaScript;Python;Ruby | MariaDB;MongoDB;MySQL;PostgreSQL;SQLite;Other(s): | MariaDB;MongoDB;PostgreSQL;SQLite | AWS;Linux;MacOS;WordPress | Docker;Linux;MacOS;Slack;WordPress | Express;jQuery | Django;jQuery;Vue.js | Ansible;Node.js | Ansible;Chef;Node.js;TensorFlow | Emacs;IntelliJ;Vim | Linux-based | Development;Testing;Outside of work, for personal projects | Not at all | An irresponsible use of resources | No | Yes | Yes | In real life (in person) | Username | 2009 | A few times per week | Find answers to specific questions;Learn how to do things I didn’t necessarily look for;Contribute to a library of information | 3-5 times per week | They were about the same | NaN | Yes | Less than once per month or monthly | No, I knew that Stack Overflow had a job board but have never used or visited it | No, and I don't know what those are | Yes, definitely | Just as welcome now as I felt last year | Tech articles written by other developers | 45.0 | Man | No | Straight / Heterosexual | NaN | Yes | Appropriate in length | Easy | |
| 7 | 47690 | 48000 | I am not primarily a developer, but I write code sometimes as part of my work | Yes | Less than once a month but more than once per year | OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than proprietary / closed source software | Employed part-time | United Kingdom | No | Some college/university study without earning a degree | Computer science, computer engineering, or software engineering | Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course;Contributed to open source software | 2-9 employees | Database administrator;Developer, back-end;Developer, desktop or enterprise applications;Developer, front-end;Developer, full-stack;System administrator | 6 | 10 | 2 | Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | Slightly satisfied | Very confident | Yes | No | I am not interested in new job opportunities | Less than a year ago | Solve a brain-teaser style puzzle;Interview with people in senior / management roles | No | Languages, frameworks, and other technologies I'd be working with;How widely used or impactful my work output would be;Flex time or a flexible schedule | Something else changed (education, award, media, etc.) | GBP | Pound sterling | 19200.0 | Yearly | 25123.0 | 40.0 | There's no schedule or spec; I work on what seems most important or urgent | Being tasked with non-development work;Non-work commitments (parenting, school work, hobbies, etc.);Not enough people for the workload | All or almost all the time (I'm full-time remote) | Home | Average | No | NaN | Yes, it's not part of our process but the developers do it on their own | Not sure | I have little or no influence | Bash/Shell/PowerShell;C++;HTML/CSS;Java;JavaScript;Python;R;SQL;TypeScript | Bash/Shell/PowerShell;C++;Python;SQL | Microsoft SQL Server;SQLite | SQLite | Linux;Microsoft Azure;Windows | Docker;Google Cloud Platform;Kubernetes;Linux;Microsoft Azure | Express;jQuery;Spring | Flask | .NET;.NET Core;Node.js | Pandas;Unreal Engine | IntelliJ;Visual Studio;Visual Studio Code | Linux-based | Testing | Not at all | An irresponsible use of resources | No | SIGH | Yes | In real life (in person) | Username | 2013 | Daily or almost daily | Find answers to specific questions;Contribute to a library of information | More than 10 times per week | They were about the same | NaN | Yes | Less than once per month or monthly | Yes | No, I've heard of them, but I am not part of a private Q&A instance | Yes, somewhat | Just as welcome now as I felt last year | Industry news about technologies you're interested in;Tech meetups or events in your area | 18.0 | Man | No | Straight / Heterosexual | White or of European descent | No | Appropriate in length | Neither easy nor difficult | |
| 8 | 88023 | 88572 | I am a developer by profession | No | Never | The quality of OSS and closed source software is about the same | Employed full-time | United States | No | Master’s degree (MA, MS, M.Eng., MBA, etc.) | Computer science, computer engineering, or software engineering | Taken an online course in programming or software development (e.g. a MOOC);Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course;Participated in a hackathon | 20 to 99 employees | Developer, back-end;Developer, full-stack | 15 | 14 | 7 | Very satisfied | Very satisfied | Very confident | No | Not sure | I am not interested in new job opportunities | Less than a year ago | Write any code;Write code by hand (e.g., on a whiteboard);Interview with people in peer roles;Interview with people in senior / management roles | No | Office environment or company culture;How widely used or impactful my work output would be;Flex time or a flexible schedule | I heard about a job opportunity (from a recruiter, online job posting, etc.) | USD | United States dollar | 125000.0 | Yearly | 125000.0 | 40.0 | There's no schedule or spec; I work on what seems most important or urgent | Distracting work environment;Meetings;Toxic work environment | All or almost all the time (I'm full-time remote) | Home | Average | Yes, because I see value in code review | 3.0 | Yes, it's part of our process | Not sure | I have some influence | C#;HTML/CSS;JavaScript;PHP;SQL;TypeScript | Go | Microsoft SQL Server;PostgreSQL;Redis | NaN | NaN | NaN | Angular/Angular.js;ASP.NET;Express;jQuery;React.js | Express;Vue.js | .NET Core;Node.js | .NET Core;Node.js | Visual Studio Code | MacOS | Development;Testing;Production | Not at all | An irresponsible use of resources | No | Fortunately, someone else has that title | Yes | Online | Username | 2008 | Daily or almost daily | Find answers to specific questions | 3-5 times per week | Stack Overflow was slightly faster | 31-60 minutes | Yes | Less than once per month or monthly | No, I knew that Stack Overflow had a job board but have never used or visited it | Yes | No, not really | Just as welcome now as I felt last year | Tech articles written by other developers;Courses on technologies you're interested in | 39.0 | Woman | No | Bisexual | Black or of African descent | No | Appropriate in length | Easy | |
| 9 | 38654 | 38889 | I am a developer by profession | Yes | Less than once a month but more than once per year | OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than proprietary / closed source software | Employed full-time | Luxembourg | No | Master’s degree (MA, MS, M.Eng., MBA, etc.) | Computer science, computer engineering, or software engineering | Received on-the-job training in software development;Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course;Contributed to open source software | 1,000 to 4,999 employees | Developer, back-end;Developer, desktop or enterprise applications;Developer, front-end;Developer, full-stack | 25 | 10 | 19 | Slightly satisfied | Slightly satisfied | Somewhat confident | No | No | I am not interested in new job opportunities | More than 4 years ago | Write code by hand (e.g., on a whiteboard);Solve a brain-teaser style puzzle;Interview with people in senior / management roles | No | Languages, frameworks, and other technologies I'd be working with;Remote work options;Opportunities for professional development | My job status changed (promotion, new job, etc.) | EUR | European Euro | 8000.0 | Monthly | 109992.0 | 40.0 | There is a schedule and/or spec (made by me or by a colleague), and I follow it very closely | Being tasked with non-development work;Distracting work environment;Inadequate access to necessary tools | Less than half the time, but at least one day each week | Home | A little above average | No | NaN | No, but I think we should | Developers and management have nearly equal input into purchasing new technology | I have some influence | Bash/Shell/PowerShell;Java;JavaScript;PHP;Scala;SQL | Python;Scala;Other(s): | Oracle;PostgreSQL | Cassandra;PostgreSQL | Docker;Linux | Docker;iOS;Kubernetes;Linux;MacOS | jQuery | jQuery | Node.js | Node.js | Emacs | MacOS | Development;Testing;Production | Not at all | NaN | No | Yes | Yes | In real life (in person) | Username | I don't remember | Daily or almost daily | Find answers to specific questions | 1-2 times per week | Stack Overflow was much faster | 11-30 minutes | No | NaN | No, I didn't know that Stack Overflow had a job board | No, and I don't know what those are | No, not really | Just as welcome now as I felt last year | Tech articles written by other developers;Courses on technologies you're interested in | 43.0 | Man | No | Straight / Heterosexual | White or of European descent | Yes | Appropriate in length | Easy |
Last rows
| df_index | Respondent | MainBranch | Hobbyist | OpenSourcer | OpenSource | Employment | Country | Student | EdLevel | UndergradMajor | EduOther | OrgSize | DevType | YearsCode | Age1stCode | YearsCodePro | CareerSat | JobSat | MgrIdiot | MgrMoney | MgrWant | JobSeek | LastHireDate | LastInt | FizzBuzz | JobFactors | ResumeUpdate | CurrencySymbol | CurrencyDesc | CompTotal | CompFreq | ConvertedComp | WorkWeekHrs | WorkPlan | WorkChallenge | WorkRemote | WorkLoc | ImpSyn | CodeRev | CodeRevHrs | UnitTests | PurchaseHow | PurchaseWhat | LanguageWorkedWith | LanguageDesireNextYear | DatabaseWorkedWith | DatabaseDesireNextYear | PlatformWorkedWith | PlatformDesireNextYear | WebFrameWorkedWith | WebFrameDesireNextYear | MiscTechWorkedWith | MiscTechDesireNextYear | DevEnviron | OpSys | Containers | BlockchainOrg | BlockchainIs | BetterLife | ITperson | OffOn | SocialMedia | Extraversion | ScreenName | SOVisit1st | SOVisitFreq | SOVisitTo | SOFindAnswer | SOTimeSaved | SOHowMuchTime | SOAccount | SOPartFreq | SOJobs | EntTeams | SOComm | WelcomeChange | SONewContent | Age | Gender | Trans | Sexuality | Ethnicity | Dependents | SurveyLength | SurveyEase | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 990 | 41551 | 41815 | I am a developer by profession | Yes | Never | The quality of OSS and closed source software is about the same | Employed full-time | United States | No | Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.) | Computer science, computer engineering, or software engineering | Taken an online course in programming or software development (e.g. a MOOC);Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course | 10,000 or more employees | Developer, full-stack | 14 | 14 | 5 | Slightly dissatisfied | Slightly dissatisfied | Not at all confident | Yes | Not sure | I am actively looking for a job | More than 4 years ago | Write any code;Solve a brain-teaser style puzzle;Interview with people in senior / management roles | No | Industry that I'd be working in;Opportunities for professional development;Flex time or a flexible schedule | I heard about a job opportunity (from a recruiter, online job posting, etc.) | USD | United States dollar | 83000.0 | Yearly | 83000.0 | 45.0 | There is a schedule and/or spec (made by me or by a colleague), and my work somewhat aligns | Being tasked with non-development work;Distracting work environment;Lack of support from management | Less than once per month / Never | Home | A little below average | Yes, because I see value in code review | 15.0 | Yes, it's part of our process | Developers and management have nearly equal input into purchasing new technology | I have little or no influence | JavaScript;Python;Ruby | JavaScript;Python;Rust;WebAssembly | MySQL;Oracle;SQLite | NaN | Docker;Linux;MacOS | Linux;MacOS | Django;Ruby on Rails | Django;Ruby on Rails | NaN | Pandas;TensorFlow;Unity 3D;Unreal Engine | Emacs | MacOS | Production | Not at all | A passing fad | No | Also Yes | No | In real life (in person) | Username | 2012 | Multiple times per day | Find answers to specific questions;Learn how to do things I didn’t necessarily look for | 3-5 times per week | They were about the same | NaN | Not sure / can't remember | NaN | No, I didn't know that Stack Overflow had a job board | No, and I don't know what those are | No, not really | Just as welcome now as I felt last year | Tech articles written by other developers | 29.0 | Man | No | Straight / Heterosexual | White or of European descent | No | Appropriate in length | Neither easy nor difficult | |
| 991 | 14535 | 14605 | I am a developer by profession | No | Less than once a month but more than once per year | OSS is, on average, of LOWER quality than proprietary / closed source software | Employed full-time | Uganda | No | Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.) | Mathematics or statistics | Taken an online course in programming or software development (e.g. a MOOC);Participated in a full-time developer training program or bootcamp;Participated in online coding competitions (e.g. HackerRank, CodeChef, TopCoder);Participated in a hackathon;Contributed to open source software | 500 to 999 employees | Developer, back-end;Developer, front-end;Developer, full-stack;Developer, mobile | 1 | 20 | 1 | Very satisfied | Very satisfied | Somewhat confident | No | Not sure | I’m not actively looking, but I am open to new opportunities | 1-2 years ago | Write any code;Complete a take-home project;Interview with people in peer roles | Yes | Remote work options;Opportunities for professional development;How widely used or impactful my work output would be | My job status changed (promotion, new job, etc.) | UGX | Ugandan shilling | 1500000.0 | Monthly | 4908.0 | 40.0 | There's no schedule or spec; I work on what seems most important or urgent | Distracting work environment;Inadequate access to necessary tools;Toxic work environment | All or almost all the time (I'm full-time remote) | Other place, such as a coworking space or cafe | A little above average | Yes, because I see value in code review | 5.0 | Yes, it's part of our process | Developers typically have the most influence on purchasing new technology | I have some influence | HTML/CSS;JavaScript;Python | Go;R;Ruby;Swift | DynamoDB;MongoDB;PostgreSQL;SQLite | Firebase;Redis | AWS;Docker;Heroku;MacOS;Slack | iOS;Kubernetes | Django;Flask;jQuery;React.js | Ruby on Rails;Spring;Vue.js | Node.js | Pandas;TensorFlow;Torch/PyTorch | IPython / Jupyter;Visual Studio Code;Xcode | MacOS | Development | Not at all | NaN | Yes | Yes | What? | In real life (in person) | Username | 2017 | Daily or almost daily | Find answers to specific questions;Learn how to do things I didn’t necessarily look for | More than 10 times per week | Stack Overflow was much faster | 11-30 minutes | Yes | A few times per month or weekly | Yes | No, I've heard of them, but I am not part of a private Q&A instance | Neutral | A lot more welcome now than last year | Tech articles written by other developers;Courses on technologies you're interested in | 25.0 | Woman | No | Straight / Heterosexual | Black or of African descent | No | Too long | Neither easy nor difficult | |
| 992 | 85014 | 85543 | I am a developer by profession | Yes | Once a month or more often | OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than proprietary / closed source software | Employed full-time | United States | No | Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.) | Computer science, computer engineering, or software engineering | Taken an online course in programming or software development (e.g. a MOOC);Taken a part-time in-person course in programming or software development;Received on-the-job training in software development;Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course;Participated in a hackathon;Contributed to open source software | 20 to 99 employees | Developer, full-stack | 10 | 15 | 9 | Slightly satisfied | Very satisfied | Somewhat confident | No | Yes | I’m not actively looking, but I am open to new opportunities | 3-4 years ago | Interview with people in peer roles;Interview with people in senior / management roles | No | Languages, frameworks, and other technologies I'd be working with;Remote work options;Flex time or a flexible schedule | Something else changed (education, award, media, etc.) | USD | United States dollar | 85000.0 | Yearly | 85000.0 | 40.0 | There is a schedule and/or spec (made by me or by a colleague), and my work somewhat aligns | Being tasked with non-development work;Meetings;Not enough people for the workload | All or almost all the time (I'm full-time remote) | Home | Far above average | Yes, because I see value in code review | 2.0 | Yes, it's part of our process | The CTO, CIO, or other management purchase new technology typically without the involvement of developers | I have little or no influence | Elixir;HTML/CSS;JavaScript;Ruby | Elixir;HTML/CSS;JavaScript;Ruby;WebAssembly | PostgreSQL;Redis | PostgreSQL;Redis | NaN | NaN | Ruby on Rails;Other(s): | Ruby on Rails;Other(s): | Other(s): | Other(s): | Atom;Vim | MacOS | I do not use containers | Not at all | A passing fad | No | Yes | Yes | Online | Username | 2011 | Less than once per month or monthly | Find answers to specific questions | Less than once per week | They were about the same | NaN | Yes | I have never participated in Q&A on Stack Overflow | No, I knew that Stack Overflow had a job board but have never used or visited it | No, I've heard of them, but I am not part of a private Q&A instance | No, not at all | Just as welcome now as I felt last year | Tech meetups or events in your area | 29.0 | Man | No | NaN | NaN | NaN | Too long | Easy | |
| 993 | 28684 | 28852 | I am a developer by profession | Yes | Less than once per year | OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than proprietary / closed source software | Employed full-time | India | Yes, part-time | Master’s degree (MA, MS, M.Eng., MBA, etc.) | Computer science, computer engineering, or software engineering | NaN | NaN | Developer, mobile | 12 | 16 | 10 | Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | Very dissatisfied | Very confident | No | Not sure | I am not interested in new job opportunities | More than 4 years ago | Interview with people in senior / management roles | No | Office environment or company culture;Remote work options;Flex time or a flexible schedule | Something else changed (education, award, media, etc.) | INR | Indian rupee | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | There is a schedule and/or spec (made by me or by a colleague), and my work somewhat aligns | Time spent commuting | It's complicated | Home | A little above average | Yes, because I see value in code review | 10.0 | No, but I think we should | Not sure | I have a great deal of influence | Java;Swift | Java;Kotlin;Swift | SQLite | SQLite | Android;iOS | Android;iOS | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | Android Studio;Xcode | MacOS | I do not use containers | NaN | NaN | No | SIGH | Yes | Neither | Username | 2010 | Daily or almost daily | Find answers to specific questions;Contribute to a library of information;Get a sense of belonging to the developer community;Meet other people with similar skills or interests | 6-10 times per week | Stack Overflow was slightly faster | 0-10 minutes | Yes | Less than once per month or monthly | No, I didn't know that Stack Overflow had a job board | No, and I don't know what those are | Yes, definitely | Somewhat less welcome now than last year | Tech articles written by other developers | 33.0 | Man | No | NaN | NaN | Yes | Too long | Difficult | |
| 994 | 81106 | 81610 | I am a developer by profession | Yes | Less than once per year | The quality of OSS and closed source software is about the same | Employed full-time | Japan | No | Associate degree | Computer science, computer engineering, or software engineering | Taken an online course in programming or software development (e.g. a MOOC);Taken a part-time in-person course in programming or software development;Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course | 20 to 99 employees | Developer, back-end;Developer, front-end;Developer, full-stack;Developer, QA or test | 5 | 13 | 1 | Slightly satisfied | Slightly satisfied | Somewhat confident | Not sure | Not sure | I am actively looking for a job | 1-2 years ago | Interview with people in peer roles;Interview with people in senior / management roles | No | Languages, frameworks, and other technologies I'd be working with;Office environment or company culture;Opportunities for professional development | Re-entry into the workforce | JPY | Japanese yen | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | There is a schedule and/or spec (made by me or by a colleague), and my work somewhat aligns | Lack of support from management;Not enough people for the workload;Time spent commuting | It's complicated | Office | A little above average | Yes, because I was told to do so | 20.0 | No, but I think we should | Not sure | I have little or no influence | HTML/CSS;JavaScript;PHP;Ruby | HTML/CSS;JavaScript;PHP;Ruby | MongoDB;MySQL | MongoDB;MySQL | AWS;Heroku;WordPress | AWS;Heroku;WordPress | jQuery;Ruby on Rails | jQuery;Ruby on Rails | NaN | NaN | Visual Studio Code | MacOS | Development;Testing | NaN | NaN | No | Yes | What? | In real life (in person) | NaN | 2015 | Daily or almost daily | Find answers to specific questions | 3-5 times per week | Stack Overflow was slightly faster | 11-30 minutes | Yes | I have never participated in Q&A on Stack Overflow | No, I didn't know that Stack Overflow had a job board | No, and I don't know what those are | No, not at all | Just as welcome now as I felt last year | Tech articles written by other developers;Industry news about technologies you're interested in;Tech meetups or events in your area;Courses on technologies you're interested in | 31.0 | Man | No | NaN | NaN | No | Too long | Difficult | |
| 995 | 37466 | 37697 | I am a student who is learning to code | Yes | Less than once per year | The quality of OSS and closed source software is about the same | Not employed, and not looking for work | Sweden | Yes, full-time | Primary/elementary school | NaN | Taken an online course in programming or software development (e.g. a MOOC);Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course | NaN | NaN | 2 | 13 | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | C#;HTML/CSS;Java | C++;C#;HTML/CSS;Java | Oracle | Microsoft SQL Server;Oracle | Windows | iOS;Windows | ASP.NET | ASP.NET | .NET;.NET Core;Node.js | .NET;.NET Core;Node.js | Eclipse;IntelliJ;Notepad++;Sublime Text;Visual Studio;Visual Studio Code | Windows | Testing | NaN | Useful for decentralized currency (i.e., Bitcoin) | Yes | Also Yes | Yes | YouTube | In real life (in person) | Username | 2016 | Less than once per month or monthly | Find answers to specific questions | Less than once per week | They were about the same | NaN | No | NaN | No, I didn't know that Stack Overflow had a job board | No, I've heard of them, but I am not part of a private Q&A instance | Neutral | Just as welcome now as I felt last year | Courses on technologies you're interested in | 15.0 | Man | No | Straight / Heterosexual | White or of European descent | No | Appropriate in length | Neither easy nor difficult |
| 996 | 88367 | 8381 | NaN | Yes | Less than once per year | The quality of OSS and closed source software is about the same | Not employed, but looking for work | Netherlands | No | Associate degree | Web development or web design | Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course;Participated in a hackathon | NaN | Developer, back-end | 6 | 14 | Less than 1 year | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | C#;HTML/CSS;PHP;Python | C#;Go;HTML/CSS;PHP;Ruby;WebAssembly | MySQL;SQLite | MySQL | Arduino;Windows | Arduino;Linux;Raspberry Pi;Windows | ASP.NET;Django | ASP.NET | .NET Core | .NET Core;Unity 3D | Atom;Visual Studio;Visual Studio Code | Linux-based | I do not use containers | NaN | NaN | Yes | Yes | Yes | Online | Username | I don't remember | A few times per month or weekly | Find answers to specific questions;Learn how to do things I didn’t necessarily look for | 3-5 times per week | Stack Overflow was much faster | 0-10 minutes | Not sure / can't remember | NaN | No, I didn't know that Stack Overflow had a job board | No, and I don't know what those are | No, not really | Just as welcome now as I felt last year | Industry news about technologies you're interested in;Tech meetups or events in your area | 27.0 | Man | No | Straight / Heterosexual | White or of European descent | No | Appropriate in length | Neither easy nor difficult | |
| 997 | 42972 | 43247 | I am a student who is learning to code | Yes | Never | OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than proprietary / closed source software | Independent contractor, freelancer, or self-employed | Czech Republic | No | Primary/elementary school | NaN | Taken an online course in programming or software development (e.g. a MOOC);Taken a part-time in-person course in programming or software development;Completed an industry certification program (e.g. MCPD);Received on-the-job training in software development;Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course | NaN | Developer, back-end;Developer, front-end;Developer, full-stack;Educator;Student | 4 | 14 | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | I’m not actively looking, but I am open to new opportunities | NA - I am an independent contractor or self employed | NaN | NaN | Languages, frameworks, and other technologies I'd be working with;Opportunities for professional development;Flex time or a flexible schedule | I was preparing for a job search | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | NaN | HTML/CSS;JavaScript;PHP | C;C++;HTML/CSS;JavaScript;PHP;Python;Rust;TypeScript | MySQL | Elasticsearch;MySQL;PostgreSQL;Redis | NaN | Docker | jQuery;Other(s): | Vue.js;Other(s): | Node.js | Node.js;TensorFlow;Torch/PyTorch | PHPStorm;Visual Studio Code | Linux-based | Development;Production;Outside of work, for personal projects | NaN | NaN | No | Also Yes | Yes | YouTube | In real life (in person) | Username | 2014 | Multiple times per day | Find answers to specific questions;Learn how to do things I didn’t necessarily look for;Contribute to a library of information;Pass the time / relax | More than 10 times per week | Stack Overflow was slightly faster | 11-30 minutes | Yes | Multiple times per day | Yes | No, and I don't know what those are | No, not really | Somewhat more welcome now than last year | Tech meetups or events in your area | 16.0 | Man | No | Straight / Heterosexual | White or of European descent | No | Appropriate in length | Neither easy nor difficult |
| 998 | 21655 | 21771 | I am a developer by profession | Yes | Less than once a month but more than once per year | The quality of OSS and closed source software is about the same | Employed full-time | Cyprus | No | Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.) | Computer science, computer engineering, or software engineering | Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course;Contributed to open source software | 20 to 99 employees | Developer, front-end | 10 | 16 | 6 | Very satisfied | Slightly satisfied | Very confident | Not sure | Not sure | I’m not actively looking, but I am open to new opportunities | 1-2 years ago | Write any code;Interview with people in peer roles;Interview with people in senior / management roles | No | Languages, frameworks, and other technologies I'd be working with;Opportunities for professional development;How widely used or impactful my work output would be | Something else changed (education, award, media, etc.) | EUR | European Euro | 50000.0 | Yearly | 57287.0 | 40.0 | There is a schedule and/or spec (made by me or by a colleague), and my work somewhat aligns | Not enough people for the workload | Less than once per month / Never | Office | A little above average | Yes, because I see value in code review | 5.0 | No, and I'm glad we don't | The CTO, CIO, or other management purchase new technology typically without the involvement of developers | I have some influence | JavaScript | C;C++;JavaScript | MySQL | MySQL | Docker | Docker | Express;React.js | Express;Vue.js | Node.js | Node.js | Sublime Text;Visual Studio | Windows | Outside of work, for personal projects | NaN | Useful for immutable record keeping outside of currency | Yes | SIGH | Yes | YouTube | In real life (in person) | UserID | 2013 | A few times per month or weekly | Find answers to specific questions;Learn how to do things I didn’t necessarily look for | 1-2 times per week | Stack Overflow was slightly faster | 31-60 minutes | No | NaN | No, I knew that Stack Overflow had a job board but have never used or visited it | No, and I don't know what those are | Neutral | Just as welcome now as I felt last year | Tech articles written by other developers | 27.0 | Man | No | Straight / Heterosexual | White or of European descent | No | Appropriate in length | Easy |
| 999 | 47341 | 47647 | I am a developer by profession | Yes | Less than once per year | OSS is, on average, of LOWER quality than proprietary / closed source software | Employed full-time | United States | No | Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.) | Fine arts or performing arts (ex. graphic design, music, studio art) | Taken an online course in programming or software development (e.g. a MOOC);Taught yourself a new language, framework, or tool without taking a formal course | 500 to 999 employees | Designer;Developer, front-end | 35 | 10 | 26 | Slightly satisfied | Slightly satisfied | Somewhat confident | No | No | I’m not actively looking, but I am open to new opportunities | Less than a year ago | Interview with people in senior / management roles | No | Languages, frameworks, and other technologies I'd be working with;Remote work options;Flex time or a flexible schedule | I was preparing for a job search | USD | United States dollar | 143000.0 | Yearly | 143000.0 | 45.0 | There is a schedule and/or spec (made by me or by a colleague), and my work somewhat aligns | Being tasked with non-development work;Distracting work environment;Time spent commuting | Less than once per month / Never | Home | A little above average | No | NaN | No, but I think we should | The CTO, CIO, or other management purchase new technology typically without the involvement of developers | I have little or no influence | Bash/Shell/PowerShell;C;C#;HTML/CSS;JavaScript;SQL;TypeScript | HTML/CSS;JavaScript;SQL;TypeScript | Microsoft SQL Server;MySQL | MongoDB;Microsoft SQL Server | Arduino;Windows;WordPress | Arduino;Windows | Angular/Angular.js;ASP.NET;jQuery;React.js | Angular/Angular.js;jQuery;React.js;Vue.js | NaN | Node.js;React Native | Notepad++;Visual Studio;Visual Studio Code | Windows | I do not use containers | Not at all | NaN | Yes | Also Yes | Yes | In real life (in person) | Username | NaN | A few times per week | Find answers to specific questions;Contribute to a library of information;Get a sense of belonging to the developer community | Less than once per week | They were about the same | NaN | Yes | Less than once per month or monthly | Yes | No, I've heard of them, but I am not part of a private Q&A instance | Yes, somewhat | Somewhat less welcome now than last year | Tech meetups or events in your area;Courses on technologies you're interested in | 42.0 | Man | No | Straight / Heterosexual | White or of European descent | No | Too long | Easy |